Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2018 Dec;31(6):747-757. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12583. Epub 2018 Jul 15.
Alcohol intake is widely assumed to contribute to excess body fatness, especially among young men; however, the evidence is inconsistent. We have addressed this research question by investigating associations between reported alcohol consumption and body composition from large representative national surveys in a high alcohol-consuming country with a high obesity prevalence.
The present study comprised a secondary analysis of combined cross-sectional nationally representative Scottish Health Surveys (1995-2010). Reported alcohol-drinking frequency was divided into five groups: from 'nonfrequent drinking' (reference) to daily/'almost every day' among 35 837 representative adults [mean (SD) age: 42.7 (12.7) years (range 18-64 years)]. Quantitative alcohol consumption was categorised into seven groups: from '1-7 to ≥50 10 g units per week'. Regression models against measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were adjusted for age, physical activity, income, smoking, deprivation category and economic status.
Among alcohol-consuming men, heavier drinking (21-28 units per week) was associated with a higher BMI by +1.4 kg m [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38-1.43] and higher WC by +3.4 cm (95% CI = 3.2-3.6) than drinking 1-7 units per week. However, those who reported daily drinking frequency were associated with a lower BMI by -2.45 kg m (95% CI = -2.4 to -2.5) and lower WC by -3.7 cm (95% CI = -3.3 to -4.0) than those who reported less-frequent drinking. Similar associations were found for women. Most of these associations were restricted to subjects aged >30 years. Unexplained variances in BMI and WC are large.
Quantitative alcohol consumption and frequency of consumption were positively and inversely associated, respectively, with both BMI and WC among alcohol-consuming adults. Surveys are needed that evaluate both the quantity and frequency of consumption. The lowest BMI and WC were associated with a 'Mediterranean' drinking style (i.e. relatively little, but more frequently).
饮酒被广泛认为会导致体内脂肪过多，尤其是在年轻男性中；然而，证据并不一致。我们通过在一个酒精摄入量高且肥胖率高的高酒精消费国家进行的大型代表性全国调查，研究了报告的饮酒量与身体成分之间的关联。
本研究是对苏格兰健康调查（1995-2010 年）的合并横断面全国代表性研究的二次分析。报告的饮酒频率分为五组：从“非频繁饮酒”（参考）到 35837 名代表性成年人中的每日/几乎每天饮酒[平均（SD）年龄：42.7（12.7）岁（范围 18-64 岁）]。定量饮酒量分为七组：从“每周 1-7 至≥50 个 10 克单位”。针对测量的体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）的回归模型，调整了年龄、体力活动、收入、吸烟、贫困程度和经济状况。
在饮酒的男性中，与每周饮酒 1-7 单位相比，饮酒 21-28 单位与 BMI 增加 1.4kg·m[95%置信区间（CI）=1.38-1.43]和 WC 增加 3.4cm（95%CI=3.2-3.6）有关。然而，与每周饮酒 1-7 单位相比，每日饮酒频率与 BMI 降低 2.45kg·m（95%CI=2.4-2.5）和 WC 降低 3.7cm（95%CI=3.3-4.0）有关。这些关联在女性中也很相似。这些关联主要局限于年龄>30 岁的人群。BMI 和 WC 的未解释方差较大。
定量饮酒和饮酒频率分别与饮酒成年人的 BMI 和 WC 呈正相关和负相关。需要进行调查，以评估饮酒的数量和频率。最低的 BMI 和 WC 与“地中海”饮酒方式（即相对较少但更频繁）相关。
