Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2018 Jul 18;13(7):e0200534. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200534. eCollection 2018.
Saddle slip, defined as a progressive lateral displacement of the saddle during ridden exercise, has recently been given attention in the scientific press as a potential sign of lameness. The aim of this study was to objectively quantify the normal lateral movement (oscillations) of the saddle relative to the horse in non-lame horses, and associate this movement to the movements of the horse and rider. Data from seven Warmblood dressage horses competing at Grand Prix (n = 6) or FEI Intermediate (n = 1) level, ridden by their usual riders, were used. Simultaneous kinetic, kinematic and saddle pressure measurements were conducted during sitting and rising trot on a force-measuring treadmill. The maximum lateral movement of the caudal part of the saddle relative to the horse's spine (MAX) was determined for each diagonal step. A mixed model was applied, with MAX as outcome, and T6 and S3 vertical position, rigid body rotation angles (roll, pitch, yaw) of the horse's and rider's pelvis, vertical ground reaction forces, saddle force, and rider position (rising in rising trot, sitting in rising trot or sitting in sitting trot) as explanatory variables. The least square means for MAX were 14.3 (SE 4.7) mm and 23.9 (SE 4.7) mm for rising and sitting in rising trot, and 20.3 (SE 4.7) mm for sitting trot. A 10 mm increase in maximum pelvic height at push off increased MAX by 1.4 mm (p<0.0001). One degree increase in rider pelvis roll decreased MAX 1.1 mm, and one degree increase in rider pelvis yaw increased MAX 0.7 mm (both p<0.0001). The linear relationships found between MAX and movements of both horse and rider implies that both horse and rider movement asymmetries are reflected in the lateral movements or oscillations of the saddle in non-lame horses.
鞍座滑动，定义为骑乘运动中鞍座的渐进侧向位移，最近在科学文献中被视为跛行的潜在迹象。本研究的目的是客观地量化非跛马的鞍座相对于马的正常侧向运动（摆动），并将这种运动与马和骑手的运动联系起来。使用了来自七匹温血盛装舞步马的数据，这些马参加了大奖赛（n = 6）或 FEI 中级（n = 1）级别比赛，由他们的常规骑手骑乘。在测力跑步机上进行坐姿和跑步时的同时动力学、运动学和鞍座压力测量。为每条对角步确定鞍座尾部相对于马脊柱的最大侧向运动（MAX）。应用混合模型，以 MAX 为结果，T6 和 S3 垂直位置，马和骑手骨盆的刚体旋转角度（滚动、俯仰、偏航），垂直地面反作用力，鞍座力，以及骑手位置（跑步时上升，跑步时坐着或坐着时跑步）作为解释变量。MAX 的最小二乘平均值分别为 14.3（SE 4.7）mm 和 23.9（SE 4.7）mm 用于跑步和坐着时跑步，20.3（SE 4.7）mm 用于坐着时跑步。最大骨盆高度在推离时增加 10 毫米，MAX 增加 1.4 毫米（p<0.0001）。骑手骨盆滚动增加 1 度，MAX 减少 1.1 毫米，骑手骨盆偏航增加 1 度，MAX 增加 0.7 毫米（均 p<0.0001）。MAX 与马和骑手运动之间发现的线性关系表明，马和骑手运动的不对称性都反映在非跛马的鞍座侧向运动或摆动中。
