弓状孔：解剖学、胚胎学、命名法、病理学及手术考量
Arcuate Foramen: Anatomy, Embryology, Nomenclature, Pathology, and Surgical Considerations.
作者信息
Ahn Jay, Duran Melissa, Syldort Samantha, Rizvi Asad, D'Antoni Anthony V, Johal Jaspreet, Iwanaga Joe, Oskouian Rod J, Tubbs R Shane
机构信息
The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.
Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
出版信息
World Neurosurg. 2018 Oct;118:197-202. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.038. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
BACKGROUND
The arcuate foramen is an anatomic variant that is thought to arise from ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane. Owing to potential entrapment of the vertebral artery segment that traverses the foramen, vertebrobasilar ischemia may occur, and the person may experience vertigo, headache, or neck pain.
METHODS
We reviewed the literature regarding anatomy (both human and comparative), embryology, nomenclature, pathology, and surgery of the arcuate foramen.
RESULTS
Surgically, the presence of an arcuate foramen is important when placing screws into lateral masses of the atlas. In these cases, the screws can damage the V3 segment of the vertebral artery and/or the suboccipital nerve.
CONCLUSIONS
It is important to review the current literature on the arcuate foramen to further understand its morphology and clinical relevance.
背景
弓形孔是一种解剖变异，被认为是由寰枕后膜骨化形成的。由于穿过该孔的椎动脉段可能被压迫，可能会发生椎基底动脉缺血，患者可能会出现眩晕、头痛或颈部疼痛。
方法
我们回顾了有关弓形孔的解剖学（包括人体和比较解剖学）、胚胎学、命名法、病理学和手术的文献。
结果
在手术方面，当在寰椎侧块置入螺钉时，弓形孔的存在很重要。在这些情况下，螺钉可能会损伤椎动脉的V3段和/或枕下神经。
结论
回顾当前关于弓形孔的文献对于进一步了解其形态和临床相关性很重要。
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