Albertazzi Liliana, Canal Luisa, Chisté Paolo, Micciolo Rocco, Zavagno Daniele
LabExP, Department of Humanities, University of Trento, Italy.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy.
Perception. 2018 Sep;47(9):909-926. doi: 10.1177/0301006618787737. Epub 2018 Jul 22.
This work concerns the subjective impression of perceived illumination. The purpose of the study is to test attributes expressing qualitative experiences referring to ambient lighting that can be applied as descriptors. Seventy participants viewed an actual model room, with the fourth wall removed (viewing booth). Walls, floor, and ceiling were achromatic. Two achromatic cubes were placed inside the room: One was a reflectance increment to the walls, the other a decrement. The room was illuminated by two different light sources, Artificial Daylight (D65) or Tungsten Filament (F), the order of which was randomized across participants. The participants' task was to evaluate ambient illumination for each light source. A semantic differential method was employed with 27 pairs of adjectives on 1 to 7 rating scales, categorized in three groups: characteristics of atmosphere, time, and cross-modal. Only the ratings of nine pairs of adjectives were not influenced by the type of illumination. The most differentiated couples under different illuminants were hot/cold and modern/old, but large differences also appeared with the following couples: hard/soft, technological/primitive, summery/wintry, warm/cool, sensual/frigid, natural/artificial, and hospitable/inhospitable. The hypothesis that there would be consistency among the subjects in evaluations of the characteristics tested and that these would be differently perceived under different illuminants was confirmed. The results show that it is possible to identify subjective perceived illumination as a phenomenon endowed with specific filling-in qualities and that as a perceptual experience it can be categorized, with implications for application in architecture and design.
这项工作涉及对感知光照的主观印象。该研究的目的是测试表达与环境照明相关的定性体验的属性，这些属性可作为描述符。70名参与者观看了一个实际的模型房间，第四面墙被拆除（观察 booth）。墙壁、地板和天花板均为无彩色。房间内放置了两个无彩色立方体：一个的反射率比墙壁高，另一个比墙壁低。房间由两种不同的光源照明，即人工日光（D65）或钨丝灯（F），光源的顺序在参与者之间随机排列。参与者的任务是评估每种光源的环境照明。采用语义差异法，使用27对形容词，评分范围为1至7分，分为三组：氛围特征、时间特征和跨模态特征。只有9对形容词的评分不受照明类型的影响。在不同照明条件下差异最大的几对形容词是热/冷和现代/古老，但以下几对形容词也出现了较大差异：硬/软、技术/原始、夏日/冬日、温暖/凉爽、感性/冷淡、自然/人工以及好客/不好客。关于在测试特征的评估中受试者之间会存在一致性，并且这些特征在不同照明条件下会有不同感知的假设得到了证实。结果表明，有可能将主观感知光照识别为一种具有特定填充特性的现象，并且作为一种感知体验，它可以被分类，这对建筑和设计中的应用具有启示意义。
