a Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.
b Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy.
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2018 Aug;53(4):403-419. doi: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1485627. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are a class of proteins attached to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane via a post-translational modification, the glycolipid anchor. The presence of both glycolipid anchor and protein portion confers them unique features. GPI-APs are expressed in all eukaryotes, from fungi to plants and animals. They display very diverse functions ranging from enzymatic activity, signaling, cell adhesion, cell wall metabolism, neuritogenesis, and immune response. Likewise other plasma membrane proteins, the spatio-temporal organization of GPI-APs is critical for their biological activities in physiological conditions. In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on plasma membrane organization of GPI-APs and the mechanism of its regulation in different cell types. We will also examine the involvement of specific GPI-APs namely the prion protein PrP, the Folate Receptor alpha and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in human diseases focusing on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚定蛋白（GPI-APs）是一类通过翻译后修饰，即糖脂锚定，连接到质膜外小叶的蛋白质。糖脂锚定和蛋白部分的存在赋予它们独特的特征。GPI-APs 存在于所有真核生物中，从真菌到植物和动物。它们具有非常多样化的功能，包括酶活性、信号转导、细胞黏附、细胞壁代谢、神经突生成和免疫反应。与其他质膜蛋白一样，GPI-APs 的时空组织对于它们在生理条件下的生物学活性至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将总结 GPI-APs 的质膜组织及其在不同细胞类型中调节机制的最新发现。我们还将研究特定 GPI-APs（即朊病毒蛋白 PrP、叶酸受体 alpha 和尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物受体）在人类疾病中的作用，重点关注神经退行性疾病和癌症。
