Kong Dejun, Luo Weixiong, Liu Qiang, Li Zhuoqing, Huan Guoyue, Zhang Jianjun, Yang Xiaojun
Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities in Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
PeerJ. 2018 Jul 18;6:e5105. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5105. eCollection 2018.
Understanding the habitat use and spatial distribution of wildlife can help conservationists determine high-priority areas and enhance conservation efforts. We studied the wintering habitat use, preference, and utilization distribution of two crane species, that is, the black-necked crane (, Przevalski, 1876) and common crane (, Linnaeus, 1758), in Huize National Natural Reserve, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China. Line transects indicated that anthropogenic farmland habitat was highly utilized and was positively selected by both crane species (>90% of flocks observed for both species). Black-necked cranes preferred marshland in spring (February and March) but avoided grassland during the entire wintering period, whereas common cranes avoided both marshland and grassland throughout the entire period. The two cranes species had communal nightly roosting sites and separate daily foraging sites. Black-necked cranes were distributed within two km (1.89 ± 0.08 km) of the roosting site, covering an area of 283.84 ha, with the core distribution area encompassing less than 100 ha. In contrast, common cranes were distributed far from the roosting site (4.38 ± 0.11 km), covering an area of 558.73 ha, with the core distribution area encompassing 224.81 ha. Thus, interspecies competition may have influenced the habitat preference and spatial distribution divergence of these two phylogenetically related species. This study should help guide habitat management as well as functional zoning development and adjustment in the future. Based on our results, we recommend restoration of additional wetlands, retention of large areas of farmland, and protection of areas that cranes use most frequently.
了解野生动物的栖息地利用情况和空间分布有助于保护主义者确定重点区域并加强保护工作。我们研究了中国西南部云贵高原会泽国家级自然保护区内黑颈鹤（Grus nigricollis，Przevalski，1876）和灰鹤（Grus grus，Linnaeus，1758）这两种鹤类的越冬栖息地利用情况、偏好及利用分布。样线调查表明，人为农田栖息地被高度利用，且两种鹤类均对其有正向选择（两种鹤类观察到的鸟群中超过90%）。黑颈鹤在春季（2月和3月）偏好沼泽地，但在整个越冬期避开草地，而灰鹤在整个时期都避开沼泽地和草地。两种鹤类有共同的夜间栖息位点和各自的日间觅食位点。黑颈鹤分布在距栖息位点2公里（1.89±0.08公里）范围内，面积为283.84公顷，核心分布区面积不到100公顷。相比之下，灰鹤分布在远离栖息位点的地方（4.38±0.11公里），面积为558.73公顷，核心分布区面积为224.81公顷。因此，种间竞争可能影响了这两个系统发育相关物种的栖息地偏好和空间分布差异。这项研究应有助于指导未来的栖息地管理以及功能分区的发展和调整。基于我们的研究结果，我们建议恢复更多湿地、保留大面积农田以及保护鹤类最常使用的区域。
