Wang Ye, Mi Chunrong, Guo Yumin
Beijing Forestry University, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing, China.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China.
PeerJ. 2020 Aug 19;8:e9715. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9715. eCollection 2020.
The black-necked crane () is a vulnerable species and the only species that lives in the plateau. Five migration routes of different populations have been identified, but for cranes wintering in Nyingchi Prefecture, Tibet, the migration route and breeding/summering area are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal migration patterns of black-necked cranes in this area and to identify important areas for conservation.
In 2016, we fitted seven black-necked cranes in Nyingchi with GPS-GSM satellite transmitters to record their migration routes. We used ArcGIS 10.2 to visualize important stopover sites and the 'ggplot' function in R to analyze the migration patterns.
From March 2016 to May 2019, we recorded nine spring migration and four autumn migration tracks from five individuals. Four individuals spent the breeding/summering season in Qinghai Lake, while the other spent the breeding/summering season in the Jinzihai Wetland of Dulan County, Qinghai Province. Detailed spatio-temporal information showed that the spring migration lasted 8.7 ± 4.6 days and covered 1,182.5 ± 90.4 km, while the autumn migration lasted 30 ± 10.6 days and covered 1,455.7 ± 138 km. Basom Lake and the Shazhuyu River were the most important stopover sites during the spring and autumn migrations, respectively. The cranes spent 4.4 ± 3.7 days in Basom Lake and 26.3 ± 10.7 days in the Shazhuyu River. The black-necked cranes mainly migrated during the daytime (>85 % of the fly points), and 81 % (17/21) of all stopover and roosting sites were in the valley or at lakeside swamps. Only 17.7% (516 / 2,914) of the data points for stopover and roosting sites were in protected areas.
Our study revealed the breeding/summering areas and migration routes of the black-necked cranes wintering in Nyingchi. These results contribute to a better understanding of the annual spatio-temporal migration patterns and the development of conservation plans for this vulnerable species.
黑颈鹤（）是一种易危物种，也是唯一生活在高原地区的鹤类。已确定了不同种群的五条迁徙路线，但对于在西藏林芝地区越冬的黑颈鹤，其迁徙路线以及繁殖/夏季栖息地仍不清楚。本研究的目的是调查该地区黑颈鹤的时空迁徙模式，并确定重要的保护区域。
2016年，我们给林芝地区的7只黑颈鹤佩戴了GPS-GSM卫星发射器，以记录它们的迁徙路线。我们使用ArcGIS 10.2来可视化重要的中途停歇地，并使用R语言中的“ggplot”函数来分析迁徙模式。
从2016年3月到2019年5月，我们记录了5只个体的9条春季迁徙轨迹和4条秋季迁徙轨迹。4只个体在青海湖度过繁殖/夏季，另一只在青海省都兰县的金子海湿地度过繁殖/夏季。详细的时空信息显示，春季迁徙持续8.7±4.6天，行程1,182.5±90.4公里，而秋季迁徙持续30±10.6天，行程1,455.7±138公里。巴松错湖和扎玉曲河分别是春季和秋季迁徙过程中最重要的中途停歇地。黑颈鹤在巴松错湖停留4.4±3.7天，在扎玉曲河停留26.3±10.7天。黑颈鹤主要在白天迁徙（超过85%的飞行点），所有中途停歇地和栖息地的81%（17/21）位于山谷或湖滨沼泽。中途停歇地和栖息地的数据点中只有17.7%（516/2,914）位于保护区内。
我们的研究揭示了在林芝越冬的黑颈鹤的繁殖/夏季栖息地和迁徙路线。这些结果有助于更好地了解该物种的年度时空迁徙模式，并为制定针对这种易危物种的保护计划提供依据。
