Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Anthropology and Archaeology Program, Institute of Social Science, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2018 Jul 25;13(7):e0199868. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199868. eCollection 2018.
Southwestern Amazonia is considered an early centre of plant domestication in the New World, but most of the evidence for this hypothesis comes from genetic data since systematic archaeological fieldwork in the area is recent. This paper provides first-hand archaeobotanical evidence of food production from early and middle Holocene (ca. 9,000-5000 cal. BP) deposits at Teotonio, an open-air site located on a 40 m-high bluff on the south bank of the Madeira river. Such evidence includes the presence of local and exotic domesticates such as manioc (Manihot esculenta), squash (Cucurbita sp.) and beans (Phaseolus sp.), alongside edible fruits such as pequiá (Caryocar sp.) and guava (Psidium sp.) that point to the beginnings of landscape domestication. The results contribute to an ever-growing number of studies that posit southwest Amazonia as an important centre for early crop domestication and experimentation, and which highlight the longue-durée of human impacts on tropical forest biodiversity around the world.
西南亚马逊地区被认为是新世界植物驯化的早期中心，但这一假说的大部分证据来自遗传数据，因为该地区的系统考古实地调查是最近才开始的。本文提供了来自特奥托尼尼奥（Teotonio）的全新考古植物学证据，该遗址位于马德拉河（Madeira river）南岸一处 40 米高的悬崖上，是一个露天遗址，其年代可追溯到全新世早中期（约公元前 9000 年至 5000 年）。这些证据包括本地和外来的驯化作物，如木薯（Manihot esculenta）、南瓜（Cucurbita sp.）和豆类（Phaseolus sp.），以及可食用的水果，如枇把（Caryocar sp.）和番石榴（Psidium sp.），这些都表明了景观驯化的开始。这些结果为越来越多的研究提供了依据，这些研究认为西南亚马逊地区是早期作物驯化和实验的重要中心，并强调了人类对世界各地热带森林生物多样性的长期影响。
