Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Physician Scientist Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1341:15-25. doi: 10.1007/5584_2018_248.
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have gained attention in the fields of stem cells regenerative medicine due to their multifaceted therapeutic capabilities. Promising preclinical evidence of ASCs has supported the substantial interest in the use of these cells as therapy for human disease. ASCs are an adult stem cell resident in adipose tissue with the potential to differentiation along mesenchymal lineages. They also are known to be recruited to sites of inflammation where they exhibit strong immunomodulatory capabilities to promote wound healing and regeneration. ASCs can be isolated from adipose tissue at a relatively high yield compared to their mesenchymal cell counterparts: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Like BM-MSCs, ASCs are easily culture expanded and have a reduced immunogenicity or are perhaps immune privileged, making them attractive options for cellular therapy. Additionally, the heterogeneous cellular product obtained after digestion of adipose tissue, called the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), contains ASCs and several populations of stromal and immune cells. Both the SVF and culture expanded ASCs have the potential to be therapeutic in various diseases. This review will focus on the preclinical and clinical evidence of SVF and ASCs, which make them potential candidates for therapy in regenerative medicine and inflammatory disease processes.
脂肪干细胞（ASCs）因其多方面的治疗能力而在干细胞再生医学领域引起了关注。ASCs 的有前景的临床前证据支持了将这些细胞作为人类疾病治疗方法的大量兴趣。ASCs 是一种存在于脂肪组织中的成体干细胞，具有沿着间充质谱系分化的潜力。它们也被招募到炎症部位，在那里它们表现出强大的免疫调节能力，以促进伤口愈合和再生。与间充质细胞的对应物骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）相比，ASCs 可以从脂肪组织中以相对较高的产量分离出来。与 BM-MSCs 一样，ASCs 易于培养和扩增，并且免疫原性降低或具有免疫特权，这使它们成为细胞治疗的有吸引力的选择。此外，消化脂肪组织后获得的异质细胞产物，称为基质血管部分（SVF），包含 ASCs 和几种基质和免疫细胞群体。SVF 和培养扩增的 ASCs 都有可能在各种疾病中具有治疗作用。本综述将重点介绍 SVF 和 ASCs 的临床前和临床证据，这些证据使它们成为再生医学和炎症性疾病过程中治疗的潜在候选者。
