Baptista Leandra Santos
Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil.
World J Stem Cells. 2020 Jan 26;12(1):1-7. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.1.
This article presents the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, briefly comparing them with their bone marrow counterparts, and discussing their potential for use in regenerative medicine. Subcutaneous adipose tissue differs from other mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) sources in that it contains a pre-adipocyte population that dwells in the adventitia of robust blood vessels. Pre-adipocytes are present both in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF; freshly isolated cells) and in the adherent fraction of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs; expanded cells), and have an active role on the chronic inflammation environment established in obesity, likely due their monocytic-macrophage lineage identity. The SVF and ASCs have been explored in cell therapy protocols with relative success, given their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, the widely explored multipotentiality of ASCs has direct application in bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering. The aim of this editorial is to reinforce the peculiarities of the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, revealing the spheroids as a recently described biotechnological tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Innovative cell culture techniques, in particular 3D scaffold-free cultures such as spheroids, are now available to increase the potential for regeneration and differentiation of mesenchymal lineages. Spheroids are being explored not only as a model for cell differentiation, but also as powerful 3D cell culture tools to maintain the stemness and expand the regenerative and differentiation capacities of mesenchymal cell lineages.
本文介绍了来自皮下脂肪组织的干细胞和祖细胞，简要将它们与骨髓中的同类细胞进行比较，并讨论它们在再生医学中的应用潜力。皮下脂肪组织与其他间充质基质/干细胞（MSC）来源不同，因为它含有一群前脂肪细胞，这些细胞存在于粗壮血管的外膜中。前脂肪细胞既存在于基质血管成分（SVF；新鲜分离的细胞）中，也存在于脂肪基质/干细胞（ASC；扩增细胞）的贴壁成分中，并且在肥胖所建立的慢性炎症环境中发挥着积极作用，这可能归因于它们的单核细胞-巨噬细胞谱系特性。鉴于其旁分泌和免疫调节作用，SVF和ASC已在细胞治疗方案中得到探索并取得了相对成功。重要的是，被广泛研究的ASC的多能性在骨、软骨和脂肪组织工程中有直接应用。这篇社论的目的是强化来自皮下脂肪组织的干细胞和祖细胞的特性，揭示球体作为一种最近描述的用于细胞治疗和组织工程的生物技术工具。创新的细胞培养技术，特别是如球体这样的无3D支架培养技术，现在可用于增加间充质谱系的再生和分化潜力。球体不仅被用作细胞分化的模型，而且还作为强大的3D细胞培养工具来维持干性并扩展间充质细胞谱系的再生和分化能力。
