Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1065:1-30. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_1.
Nowadays, it is generally appreciated that studies in the medical field should not only include sex-related aspects but also consider age. In the past, taking the era of Hippocrates as a starting point for the Western medical sciences, such aspects were less urgent and barely relevant. However, considering such details during daily life became increasingly important as the traditional roles of men and women in society and household converged. In the Western world, this fundamental transition process started recently and is advancing at an accelerated pace. Research about the role of women has also evolved, starting from plain history about the lives of women to a description of the relation between men and women, resulting in the gender concept. The present survey highlights a historical selection of observations referring to the impact of men and women on the medical sciences, as patient, study object, and professional. Whenever relevant, focus will be on the field of cardiovascular investigations as documented in the Western world. Rather than being exhaustive, we focus on a few remarkable icons, including Trota of Salerno, Hildegard von Bingen, and Miguel Serveto.
如今，人们普遍认为，医学领域的研究不仅应包括与性相关的方面，还应考虑年龄因素。在过去，以希波克拉底时代为起点的西方医学科学，这些方面并不那么紧迫，也几乎不相关。然而，随着社会和家庭中男女传统角色的融合，在日常生活中考虑这些细节变得越来越重要。在西方世界，这种根本性的转变过程最近才开始，并正在加速推进。关于女性角色的研究也在发展，从女性生活的简单历史描述到男女关系的描述，从而产生了性别概念。本调查突出了对男性和女性对医学科学影响的历史选择观察，无论是作为患者、研究对象还是专业人士。只要相关，重点将放在西方世界心血管研究领域。我们不是面面俱到，而是关注少数几个显著的图标，包括萨勒诺的特罗塔、宾根的希尔德加德和米格尔·塞尔维托。
