Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1065:361-377. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_23.
Cardiac function is best described by investigating the pressure-volume relationships. This information permits description in terms of the ventricular volume regulation graph (VRG), estimation of systolic elastance, evaluation of lusitropic properties, and assessment of ventriculo-arterial coupling. Current techniques yield noninvasive determination of cardiac compartmental volumes, along with systolic/diastolic arterial pressure, while ventricular end-diastolic pressure can be inferred from an echocardiography-based surrogate measure. Ventricular volume is known to vary with age, as well as to be affected by intrinsic cardiac disease and abnormalities of the vascular system. Moreover, 35 years ago it has been shown in healthy adults that left ventricular volume is significantly smaller in women compared to men. This important observation has serious implications for several metrics which are routinely used in clinical practice, e.g., ejection fraction. The remarkable difference between ventricular size in men and women is also a powerful starting point for the study of aging and the investigation of interventions such as exercise. In this review we evaluate sex-specific characteristics of the VRG and the implications for various cardiac patient populations, during basal conditions and intervention such as exercise.
心脏功能最好通过研究压力-容积关系来描述。这些信息可以用心室容积调节图（VRG）来描述，估计收缩弹性，评估舒张顺应性，并评估心室-动脉耦联。目前的技术可以无创地确定心脏腔室容积，以及收缩/舒张动脉压，而心室舒张末期压可以从基于超声心动图的替代指标推断出来。心室容积随年龄变化，并且受到内在心脏疾病和血管系统异常的影响。此外，35 年前，研究人员在健康成年人中发现，与男性相比，女性的左心室容积明显较小。这一重要观察结果对临床实践中常用的几个指标有严重影响，例如射血分数。男性和女性心室大小之间的显著差异也是研究衰老和干预措施（如运动）的一个强有力起点。在这篇综述中，我们评估了 VRG 的性别特异性特征及其对各种心脏患者群体在基础条件和运动等干预措施下的影响。
