Conlon Frank L, Arnold Arthur P
Departments of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2023 Apr;2(4):340-350. doi: 10.1038/s44161-023-00256-4. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
Many human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, show differences between men and women in pathology and treatment outcomes. In the case of cardiac disease, sex differences are exemplified by differences in the frequency of specific types of congenital and adult-onset heart disease. Clinical studies have suggested that gonadal hormones are a factor in sex bias. However, recent research has shown that gene and protein networks under non-hormonal control also account for cardiac sex differences. In this review, we describe the sex chromosome pathways that lead to sex differences in the development and function of the heart and highlight how these findings affect future care and treatment of cardiac disease.
许多人类疾病，包括心血管疾病，在病理和治疗结果方面存在男女差异。就心脏病而言，特定类型的先天性和成人期心脏病发病频率的差异体现了性别差异。临床研究表明，性腺激素是导致性别偏差的一个因素。然而，最近的研究表明，非激素控制下的基因和蛋白质网络也导致了心脏的性别差异。在这篇综述中，我们描述了导致心脏发育和功能出现性别差异的性染色体途径，并强调了这些发现如何影响心脏病的未来护理和治疗。
