State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;13(4):453-466. doi: 10.1007/s11481-018-9800-y. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
Beyond promoting smoking initiation and preventing smokers from quitting, nicotine can reduce food intake and body weight and thus is viewed as desirable by some smokers, especially many women. During the last several decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying the inverse correlation between smoking and body weight have been investigated extensively in both animals and humans. Nicotine's weight effects appear to result especially from the drug's stimulation of α3β4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are located on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), leading to activation of the melanocortin circuit, which is associated with body weight. Further, α7- and α4β2-containing nAChRs have been implicated in weight control by nicotine. This review summarizes current understanding of the regulatory effects of nicotine on food intake and body weight according to the findings from pharmacological, molecular genetic, electrophysiological, and feeding studies on these appetite-regulating molecules, such as α3β4, α7, and α4β2 nAChRs; neuropeptide Y (NPY); POMC; melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); agouti-related peptide (AgRP); leptin, ghrelin, and protein YY (PYY).
除了促进吸烟和防止吸烟者戒烟外，尼古丁还可以减少食物摄入和体重，因此一些吸烟者，尤其是许多女性，认为尼古丁是理想的。在过去几十年中，人们在动物和人类中广泛研究了吸烟与体重之间呈反比关系的分子机制。尼古丁的体重效应似乎尤其来自于药物对位于弓状核（ARC）中的前阿黑皮素原（POMC）神经元上的α3β4 尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）的刺激，导致黑素皮质素回路的激活，这与体重有关。此外，α7 和含α4β2 的 nAChR 已被牵连到尼古丁对体重的控制作用中。根据对这些食欲调节分子（如α3β4、α7 和α4β2 nAChR；神经肽 Y（NPY）；POMC；黑素皮质素 4 受体（MC4R）；刺鼠相关肽（AgRP）；瘦素、ghrelin 和蛋白 YY（PYY））的药理学、分子遗传学、电生理学和喂养研究的发现，本综述总结了尼古丁对食物摄入和体重的调节作用的最新认识。
