Diabetes Centre, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 14;19(20):13222. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013222.
Smokers with diabetes mellitus substantially lower their risks of microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications, in particular cardiovascular disease, by quitting smoking. However, subsequent post-smoking-cessation weight gain may attenuate some of the beneficial effects of smoking cessation and discourage attempts to quit. Weight gain can temporarily exacerbate diabetes and deteriorate glycemic control and metabolic profile. The molecular mechanisms by which quitting smoking leads to weight gain are largely associated with the removal of nicotine's effects on the central nervous system. This review addresses mechanisms of post-smoking-cessation weight gain, by reviewing the effects of nicotine on appetite, food intake, eating behaviour, energy expenditure, fat oxidation and appetite-regulating peptides. We also highlight correlations between post-cessation weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes, consequences of weight gain in people with type 2 diabetes and the role of pharmacotherapies, which combine treatment of nicotine addiction and promotion of weight control.
糖尿病患者吸烟者通过戒烟可显著降低微血管和大血管糖尿病并发症（尤其是心血管疾病）的风险。但是，戒烟后的体重增加可能会削弱戒烟的部分有益效果，并阻碍戒烟的尝试。体重增加可暂时加重糖尿病并恶化血糖控制和代谢谱。戒烟导致体重增加的分子机制在很大程度上与尼古丁对中枢神经系统作用的消除有关。通过回顾尼古丁对食欲、食物摄入、饮食行为、能量消耗、脂肪氧化和食欲调节肽的影响，本文综述了戒烟后体重增加的机制。我们还强调了戒烟后体重增加与 2 型糖尿病风险之间的相关性、体重增加对 2 型糖尿病患者的后果以及联合治疗尼古丁成瘾和促进体重控制的药物治疗的作用。
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