Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, 492 Bluemont Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5302, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2019 Dec;51(6):2509-2521. doi: 10.3758/s13428-018-1094-8.
In the present project, we reexamined the balloon analogue risk task (BART) by evaluating three variations on the task: one that does not require pumping, one that controls for trial duration, and another that withholds feedback on popping until the end of each trial. To accurately assess the censored data produced by the BART, performance was compared across these variations using Bayesian analysis with censored regression. The first experiment compared a task that required pumping to one that did not, and revealed that the tendency to respond earlier than is optimal does not reflect an avoidance of effort. The second experiment included a condition in which the duration of each trial was held constant by continuing to automatically inflate a balloon to its maximum size after a cash-in response; feedback on the pop time was withheld until the end of each trial. This condition revealed that the tendency to respond earlier is not driven by a desire to finish the task quickly by cashing in early, but the results also strongly suggested that the immediate experience of popping created a greater aversion to risk (although this condition difference was inconsequential by the end of the experiment). The article concludes by considering the implications of these results for cognitive neuroscience approaches to understanding performance on the BART.
在本项目中，我们通过评估任务的三种变体重新检查了气球模拟风险任务（BART）：一种不需要充气的变体，一种控制试验持续时间的变体，以及另一种在每次试验结束前不反馈爆裂时间的变体。为了准确评估 BART 产生的截尾数据，我们使用贝叶斯分析和截尾回归比较了这些变体的性能。第一项实验比较了需要充气的任务和不需要充气的任务，结果表明，过早反应的倾向并不反映对努力的回避。第二项实验包括一种条件，即在现金回报后，通过继续自动将气球充气到最大尺寸来保持每个试验的持续时间不变；在每次试验结束前，对爆裂时间的反馈被保留。该条件表明，过早反应的倾向不是由尽早兑现以快速完成任务的愿望驱动的，但结果也强烈表明，爆裂的即时体验导致了对风险的更大厌恶（尽管在实验结束时，这种条件差异并不重要）。本文最后考虑了这些结果对理解 BART 表现的认知神经科学方法的影响。
