a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing , China.
b Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center , New York , NY , USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018 Aug;17(8):677-686. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1506702. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
Six years have passed since Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a newly emerging infectious virus, was first reported in 2012. Although MERS-CoV has had a consistently high mortality rate in humans, no vaccines have been approved to prevent MERS-CoV infection in humans. MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is a key target for development of MERS vaccines.
In this review, we illustrate the structure and function of S protein as a vaccine target, describe available animal models for evaluating MERS vaccines, and summarize recent progress on MERS-CoV S-based vaccines, focusing on their ability to elicit antibody and/or cellular immune responses, neutralizing antibodies, and protection against MERS-CoV infection in different models. Prospects for future MERS-CoV S-based vaccines are discussed.
The majority of MERS vaccines under development are based on MERS-CoV S protein, including full-length S, S1, and receptor-binding domain (RBD). While it is essential to evaluate the safety of full-length S and S1-based MERS vaccines, further improvement of the efficacy of RBD-based vaccines using novel strategies would be necessary. Overall, this review provides informative guidance for designing and developing safe and effective MERS vaccines based on viral S protein.
自中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）于 2012 年首次报告以来，已经过去了六年。尽管 MERS-CoV 导致的死亡率一直居高不下，但目前仍没有针对人类 MERS-CoV 感染的批准疫苗。MERS-CoV 刺突（S）蛋白是开发 MERS 疫苗的关键靶标。
在这篇综述中，我们阐述了 S 蛋白作为疫苗靶标的结构和功能，描述了评估 MERS 疫苗的现有动物模型，并总结了基于 MERS-CoV S 蛋白的疫苗的最新进展，重点介绍了它们在不同模型中诱导抗体和/或细胞免疫应答、中和抗体以及预防 MERS-CoV 感染的能力。讨论了未来基于 MERS-CoV S 蛋白的疫苗的前景。
目前正在开发的大多数 MERS 疫苗都是基于 MERS-CoV S 蛋白，包括全长 S、S1 和受体结合域（RBD）。虽然评估全长 S 和 S1 基于的 MERS 疫苗的安全性至关重要，但使用新策略进一步提高 RBD 基于的疫苗的疗效是必要的。总体而言，这篇综述为设计和开发基于病毒 S 蛋白的安全有效的 MERS 疫苗提供了有价值的指导。
