Resorbable materials and composites. New concepts in orthopedic biomaterials.

For the last several decades, research in orthopedic biomaterials has remained focused on homogeneous plastics and metals. Initial research resulted in rapid improvements and a number of standardized materials emerged. With time, development of these materials has become a slower, more deliberate process. Recently, however, investigators have sought to broaden the scope of orthopedic biomaterials research. New materials systems are now under consideration. These systems include natural and synthetic resorbable polymerics and resorbable ceramics. A variety of composite materials are under primary investigation or in clinical trials. Our emerging understanding of these new materials is rapidly leading to new surgical applications not possible with conventional metals and plastics.