Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRA, BIG, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Molecules. 2018 Jul 31;23(8):1914. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081914.
Unlike most transcription factors (TF), pioneer TFs have a specialized role in binding closed regions of chromatin and initiating the subsequent opening of these regions. Thus, pioneer TFs are key factors in gene regulation with critical roles in developmental transitions, including organ biogenesis, tissue development, and cellular differentiation. These developmental events involve some major reprogramming of gene expression patterns, specifically the opening and closing of distinct chromatin regions. Here, we discuss how pioneer TFs are identified using biochemical and genome-wide techniques. What is known about pioneer TFs from animals and plants is reviewed, with a focus on the strategies used by pioneer factors in different organisms. Finally, the different molecular mechanisms pioneer factors used are discussed, highlighting the roles that tertiary and quaternary structures play in nucleosome-compatible DNA-binding.
与大多数转录因子 (TF) 不同，先驱 TF 具有在结合染色质的封闭区域和启动这些区域的后续打开方面的专门作用。因此，先驱 TF 是基因调控的关键因素，在包括器官发生、组织发育和细胞分化在内的发育转变中发挥着关键作用。这些发育事件涉及基因表达模式的一些主要重编程，特别是不同染色质区域的打开和关闭。在这里，我们讨论了如何使用生化和全基因组技术来鉴定先驱 TF。我们回顾了来自动物和植物的先驱 TF 的已知信息，重点介绍了不同生物体中先驱因子所使用的策略。最后，讨论了先驱因子使用的不同分子机制，强调了三级和四级结构在核小体相容 DNA 结合中的作用。
