State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China.
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Oct;25(28):28061-28074. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2837-x. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
Antimony (Sb) usually occurs associated with arsenic, lead, and other metal elements in sulfide deposits, and most is currently being extracted from the Karst areas, southwest China. In these areas, the acid generated from the oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals is neutralized by the abundant carbonates but little is known about the effect of this process on the geochemical behavior of Sb and other contaminants. In this study, physicochemical properties (pH, EC) and the trace elements (Sb, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sr, etc.) concentrations in waters from mining-impacted Karstic environments were determined in order to determine their distribution and migration potential. It was found that pH values ranged from 6.51 to 9.82, and EC values varied from 369 to 1705 μs·cm in river water samples. Waters of various types such as adit waters, flotation drainage, leaching waters, and river waters all contained high concentrations of dissolved trace elements, reaching up to 5475 μg·LSb, 1877 μg·LAs, 10,371 μg·LZn, 1309 μg·L Pb, 46 μg·L Cu, and 1757 μg·L Sr. The elevated concentrations of dissolved Sr indicated that Sr could be considered as an indicator of oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals in the Karst rivers. A proportion of the trace elements were removed in the streams in the vicinity of the mine due to adsorption onto particulate matter, whereas migration of trace elements in the downstream of mine area was attributed to dispersion in dissolved forms. Strontium and Sb have a strong hydrophilicity compared to the other elements analyzed; in contrast, Pb had a high affinity for suspended particulate matter (SPM). It was also found that downstream sediments had elevated concentrations of mining-derived trace elements, but there was a significant decrease in concentration of contaminants in aqueous phase, suggesting that contaminant behavior was conservative in the water-sediment systems under the oxic conditions prevailing in these waters. There was a good correlation between Sb and As in water-SPM-sediment system, indicating that Sb and As are homologous in water environment of the study area.
锑（Sb）通常与砷、铅和其他金属元素一起存在于硫化物矿床中，目前大部分是从中国西南的喀斯特地区提取的。在这些地区，硫化物矿物氧化溶解产生的酸被丰富的碳酸盐中和，但人们对这一过程对 Sb 和其他污染物的地球化学行为的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，测定了受采矿影响的喀斯特环境中水中的物理化学性质（pH 值、EC）和痕量元素（Sb、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sr 等）浓度，以确定其分布和迁移潜力。结果发现，河水样品的 pH 值范围为 6.51 至 9.82，EC 值范围为 369 至 1705μs·cm。各种类型的水，如平硐水、浮选排水、浸出液和河水，都含有高浓度的溶解痕量元素，最高可达 5475μg·LSb、1877μg·LAs、10371μg·LZn、1309μg·L Pb、46μg·L Cu 和 1757μg·L Sr。溶解 Sr 的浓度升高表明，Sr 可以作为喀斯特河流中硫化物矿物氧化溶解的指示物。由于吸附在颗粒物上，矿区附近溪流中的一部分痕量元素被去除，而矿区下游痕量元素的迁移则归因于溶解形式的弥散。与分析的其他元素相比，Sr 和 Sb 具有很强的亲水性，而 Pb 对悬浮颗粒物（SPM）具有很强的亲和力。研究还发现，下游沉积物中含有较高浓度的矿山衍生痕量元素，但水相污染物浓度显著下降，这表明在这些水中普遍存在的氧化条件下，水-沉积物系统中的污染物行为是保守的。水-悬浮颗粒物-沉积物系统中 Sb 与 As 之间存在良好的相关性，表明 Sb 和 As 在研究区水环境中具有同源性。
