Corning Brooke, Copland Andrew P, Frye Jeanetta W
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue Multi Story Building Room 2091, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018 Aug 1;20(8):39. doi: 10.1007/s11894-018-0642-9.
Investigation of the esophageal microbiome is a relatively new field. This review will outline data characterizing the esophageal microbiome in both health and disease states, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, eosinophilic esophagitis, and motility disorders.
While the esophagus was previously considered devoid of a significant bacterial population, development of culture-independent techniques, specifically 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as well as novel, minimally invasive microbial sampling modalities, has facilitated characterization of the esophageal microbiome in both health and several disease states. Although limited, there is evidence that the esophagus contains a diverse microbial population, with Gram-positive bacteria, specifically Streptococcus, dominating in health, while Gram-negative bacteria prevail in reflux disorders including GERD and Barrett's esophagus. The microbiome is altered with other esophageal disorders as well, including eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal motility disorders, though these changes have been less well characterized. Characterization of the gut microbiome has advanced significantly; however, further investigation is essential. Understanding changes in the esophageal microbiome could affect our understanding of the natural history of diseases of the esophagus and present potential therapeutic approaches.
食管微生物群的研究是一个相对较新的领域。本综述将概述在健康和疾病状态下（包括胃食管反流病（GERD）、巴雷特食管、食管癌、嗜酸性食管炎和动力障碍）表征食管微生物群的数据。
虽然食管以前被认为没有大量细菌，但非培养技术的发展，特别是16S rRNA基因测序，以及新颖的、微创的微生物采样方式，有助于在健康和多种疾病状态下表征食管微生物群。尽管证据有限，但有证据表明食管含有多种微生物，革兰氏阳性菌，特别是链球菌，在健康状态下占主导地位，而革兰氏阴性菌在包括GERD和巴雷特食管在内的反流性疾病中占优势。微生物群在其他食管疾病中也会发生改变，包括嗜酸性食管炎和食管动力障碍，尽管这些变化的特征尚不明确。肠道微生物群的表征有了显著进展；然而，进一步的研究至关重要。了解食管微生物群中的变化可能会影响我们对食管疾病自然史的理解，并提出潜在的治疗方法。
