Rincón-Llorente Bárbara, De la Lama-Calvente David, Fernández-Rodríguez María J, Borja-Padilla Rafael
Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de la Grasa, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Jul 23;9:1641. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01641. eCollection 2018.
The table olive industry produces a high quantity of wastewater annually. These wastewaters are very problematic because of their characteristics of high organic matter, high phenolic content, high salinity and conductivity. The quantities in which they are produced are also a serious problem. The worldwide production of table olives reached 2,550,000 tons in the last five campaigns, with the European Union contributing to 32% of total production. The problem of these wastewaters is focused on the Mediterranean area where the highest quantity of table olives is produced and to a lesser extent on the United States and South America. Countries like Spain produce around 540,000 tons of these wastewaters. At present, there is no standard treatment for these wastewaters with acceptable results and which is applied in the industry. Currently, the most common treatment is the storage of these wastewaters in large evaporation ponds where, during the dry season, the wastewater disappears due to evaporation. This is not a solution as the evaporation ponds depend completely on the climatology and have a high number of associated problems, such as bad odors, insect proliferation and the contamination of underground aquifers. Different studies have been carried out on table olive wastewater treatment, but the reality is that at the industrial level, none has been successfully applied. New and promising treatments are needed. The current review analyzes the situation of table olive wastewater treatment and the promising technologies for the future.
油橄榄加工业每年产生大量废水。这些废水问题严重，因其具有高有机物、高酚含量、高盐度和高电导率的特性。其产生量也是一个严重问题。过去五个生产季，全球油橄榄产量达255万吨，欧盟产量占总产量的32%。这些废水问题主要集中在地中海地区，该地区油橄榄产量最高，美国和南美洲的问题相对较小。像西班牙这样的国家产生约54万吨此类废水。目前，对于这些废水尚无效果可接受且能应用于该行业的标准处理方法。当前，最常见的处理方式是将这些废水储存在大型蒸发池中，在旱季，废水因蒸发而消失。但这并非解决办法，因为蒸发池完全依赖气候条件，且存在诸多相关问题，如恶臭、昆虫繁殖以及地下含水层污染等。针对油橄榄废水处理已开展了不同研究，但实际情况是，在工业层面，尚无研究得到成功应用。需要新的、有前景的处理方法。当前综述分析了油橄榄废水处理的现状以及未来有前景的技术。
