Khdair Adnan I, Abu-Rumman Ghaida, Khdair Sawsan I
Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O.Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
King Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, P.O.Box: 80204, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Heliyon. 2019 Aug 30;5(8):e02386. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02386. eCollection 2019 Aug.
Olive mill wastewaters (OMWWs) are a significant source of environmental pollution, especially in important olive oil producing countries such as Spain, Greece, Syria, Jordan and other countries in the Mediterranean. Due to cost issue no treatments plants are currently available at the mills; therefore, OMWW is normally discharged into the environment causing serious environmental problems such as: coloring and pollution of surface and ground waters, soil surface, and foul odors problems. Approximately 209,000 tons of olives have been processed in Jordan in 2017, which generated 175,000 m of OMWWs. They generated rougly 3,069 tons of BOD, 7,956 tons of COD, 149 tons of residual olive oil, 2.07 tons of phenols, 3,753 ton total suspended solids and 4.2 ton of phosphorous. The OMWW is rich in organic matter expressed as BOD and COD with COD/BOD of 2.6 indicated that OMWWs is not suitable for biological treatment and therefore must be treated before discharge to the environment or sewer system. Cleaner production options and proper environmental waste management systems at the mills are needed to reduce their environmental impact. This may include the adoption of the two-phase mills to reduce water use to less than half the quantities used in traditional and three phases mills.
橄榄油厂废水（OMWWs）是环境污染的一个重要来源，尤其在地中海地区的重要橄榄油生产国，如西班牙、希腊、叙利亚、约旦和其他国家。由于成本问题，目前橄榄油厂没有处理厂；因此，OMWW通常排放到环境中，导致严重的环境问题，如：地表水和地下水、土壤表面的染色和污染以及恶臭问题。2017年约旦大约加工了209,000吨橄榄，产生了175,000立方米的OMWWs。它们产生了约3,069吨生化需氧量（BOD）、7,956吨化学需氧量（COD）、149吨残留橄榄油、2.07吨酚类、3,753吨总悬浮固体和4.2吨磷。OMWW富含以BOD和COD表示的有机物，COD/BOD为2.6，这表明OMWW不适合生物处理，因此在排放到环境或下水道系统之前必须进行处理。需要在橄榄油厂采用清洁生产方案和适当的环境废物管理系统，以减少其对环境的影响。这可能包括采用两相橄榄油厂，将用水量减少到传统三相橄榄油厂用水量的一半以下。
