Schussler Eric, Jagacinski Richard J, White Susan E, Chaudhari Ajit M, Buford John A, Onate James A
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Apr;13(2):238-246.
Long term neurologic injury and concussion have been identified as risks from participation in American football. Altering tackling form has been recommended to reduce the risk of neurologic injury caused by head accelerations when tackling. The purpose of this research is to determine the inter-rater agreement and validity of the Qualitative Youth Tackling System (QYTS), a six-item feedback scale to correct tackling form, when utilized by novice and expert raters.
Experienced raters will have higher levels of agreement with each other and with motion capture when compared to novice raters.
Both novice and experienced raters viewed video of youth athletes (ages 9-13) tackling a dummy in a laboratory setting along. The raters identified successful performance according to a binary rating scale for each component. Analysis of both the raters' agreement with each other and with an objective motion capture measure were completed.
Fliess' Kappa measures between all raters were found to be moderate for head placement (k=.48), fair for cervical extension (k=.38), trunk inclination (k=.37), shoulder extension (k=.27) and step length (k=.29), and there was no agreement for pelvic height (k=.-16). When compared to the dichotomized validation measures of each of the five components provided by the motion capture system the average Cohen's Kappa agreement was substantial for pelvic height (=.63), fair for step length (=.34), cervical extension (=.40), trunk inclination (=.35), and slight for shoulder extension (=.16). The experienced raters outperformed the novice raters in all categories.
The results of this study indicate that skilled raters are better able to identify the movement patterns included in the QYTS when compared to a validation measure as well have higher rates of inter-rater agreement than novice raters.
3b.
长期神经损伤和脑震荡已被确定为参与美式橄榄球运动的风险。建议改变擒抱方式以降低擒抱时头部加速导致神经损伤的风险。本研究的目的是确定定性青少年擒抱系统（QYTS）的评分者间一致性和有效性，该系统是一种用于纠正擒抱方式的六项反馈量表，由新手评分者和专家评分者使用。
与新手评分者相比，经验丰富的评分者之间以及与动作捕捉的一致性水平更高。
新手评分者和经验丰富的评分者都观看了青少年运动员（9至13岁）在实验室环境中擒抱假人的视频。评分者根据每个组件的二元评分量表确定成功表现。完成了评分者之间的一致性分析以及与客观动作捕捉测量的分析。
发现所有评分者之间关于头部位置的弗利斯卡方测量值为中等（κ = 0.48），颈椎伸展（κ = 0.38）、躯干倾斜（κ = 0.37）、肩部伸展（κ = 0.27）和步长（κ = 0.29）为一般，骨盆高度方面则无一致性（κ = -0.16）。与动作捕捉系统提供的五个组件中每个组件的二分验证测量值相比，骨盆高度的平均科恩卡方一致性为实质性（κ = 0.63），步长为一般（κ = 0.34），颈椎伸展为一般（κ = 0.40），躯干倾斜为一般（κ = 0.35），肩部伸展为轻微（κ = 0.16）。在所有类别中，经验丰富的评分者表现优于新手评分者。
本研究结果表明，与验证测量相比，熟练的评分者更能识别QYTS中包含的运动模式，并且评分者间一致性率高于新手评分者。
3b。
