Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2018 Oct;31(5):592-598. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000590.
Muscle spindles are encapsulated mechanosensory receptors within skeletal muscle tissue that inform the central nervous system about the contractile status of each muscle. This information is required for any coordinated movement and for stable posture. This review summarizes recent findings regarding novel functions for proprioceptive feedback information, muscle spindle disease and the molecular basis of mechanoreception.
Muscle spindle function is not limited to regulating motor control but is also required for appropriate realignment of fractured bones, successful regeneration of spinal cord axons after injury and spinal alignment. Several proteins responsible for or modulating mechanotransduction in proprioceptive sensory neurons have been identified, including the Piezo2 channel as a candidate for the principal mechanotransduction channel. Many neuromuscular diseases are known to be accompanied by an impaired function of muscle spindles, resulting in a decline of motor performance and coordination in the patients.
Our knowledge regarding the molecular basis of muscle spindle function is still incomplete. However, increasing our understanding of mechanotransduction in muscle spindles is a prerequisite for finding appropriate strategies to prevent injuries due to unstable gait and frequent falls.
肌梭是包裹在骨骼肌组织内的机械感受感受器，向中枢神经系统提供关于每个肌肉收缩状态的信息。任何协调运动和稳定姿势都需要这些信息。本文综述了关于本体感受反馈信息、肌梭疾病和机械感受分子基础的新功能的最新发现。
肌梭的功能不仅限于调节运动控制，还需要适当调整骨折的骨骼、受伤后脊髓轴突的成功再生和脊柱的排列。已经确定了几个负责或调节本体感觉神经元中机械转导的蛋白质，包括 Piezo2 通道作为主要机械转导通道的候选物。许多神经肌肉疾病都伴随着肌梭功能受损，导致患者运动表现和协调性下降。
我们对肌梭功能的分子基础的了解仍然不完整。然而，增加我们对肌梭机械转导的理解是找到预防不稳定步态和频繁跌倒导致损伤的适当策略的前提。
