Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
Skelet Muscle. 2021 Jan 7;11(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13395-020-00258-x.
Almost every muscle contains muscle spindles. These delicate sensory receptors inform the central nervous system (CNS) about changes in the length of individual muscles and the speed of stretching. With this information, the CNS computes the position and movement of our extremities in space, which is a requirement for motor control, for maintaining posture and for a stable gait. Many neuromuscular diseases affect muscle spindle function contributing, among others, to an unstable gait, frequent falls and ataxic behavior in the affected patients. Nevertheless, muscle spindles are usually ignored during examination and analysis of muscle function and when designing therapeutic strategies for neuromuscular diseases. This review summarizes the development and function of muscle spindles and the changes observed under pathological conditions, in particular in the various forms of muscular dystrophies.
几乎每块肌肉都含有肌梭。这些精细的感觉受体向中枢神经系统（CNS）报告单个肌肉长度的变化和伸展速度。有了这些信息，CNS 就可以计算出我们四肢在空间中的位置和运动，这是运动控制、维持姿势和稳定步态的必要条件。许多神经肌肉疾病会影响肌梭的功能，导致受影响的患者步态不稳定、频繁跌倒和共济失调行为。然而，在检查和分析肌肉功能以及设计神经肌肉疾病的治疗策略时，肌梭通常会被忽略。这篇综述总结了肌梭的发育和功能，以及在病理条件下观察到的变化，特别是在各种形式的肌肉营养不良中。
