École Supérieure d'Aménagement du Territoire, Université Laval, 1628 Pavillon Savard, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1K 7P4, Canada.
School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Oct 1;223:984-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.082. Epub 2018 Jul 14.
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed primarily by the reaction of natural organic matter and disinfectants. DBPs that are not regulated are referred to as unregulated DBPs (U-DBPs) and they are in majority in total DBPs. U-DBPs can be more toxic than regulated DBPs. U-DBPs such as haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloacetonitriles (HKs) and halonitromethanes (HNMs) are widely present in drinking water supplies in different regions of the world. This study investigated the occurrence of U-DBPs and their variability in drinking water in the Province of Quebec (Canada), using the water quality database of 40 municipal water systems generated by our research group. The concentrations of HANs, HKs, and their compounds, including chloropicrin (CPK), were highly variable in different water systems in Quebec. The concentration range of these U-DBPs is in line with drinking water concentration ranges in different regions of the world. Factors such as system size, water source, season, pH, total organic carbon content, free residual chlorine and disinfectant types cause significant variations in the concentrations of HANs, HKs and their constituent compounds, including CPK, in drinking water in Quebec. This information is valuable for decision making concerning source water selection, water distribution planning, water treatment plant design including disinfection, and overall drinking water quality management related to U-DBPs. Moreover, U-DBPs and regulated DBPs are strongly correlated, although the degree of correlation can vary with water source, system size and season, indicating that regulated DBPs can be used as surrogates of U-DBPs.
消毒副产物 (DBPs) 主要是由天然有机物和消毒剂反应形成的。未受管制的 DBPs 被称为未受管制的 DBPs (U-DBPs)，它们在总 DBPs 中占多数。U-DBPs 可能比受管制的 DBPs 更具毒性。U-DBPs 如卤乙腈 (HANs)、卤乙腈 (HKs) 和卤代硝基甲烷 (HNMs) 广泛存在于世界不同地区的饮用水供应中。本研究利用我们研究小组生成的 40 个市政供水系统的水质数据库，调查了魁北克省 (加拿大) 饮用水中 U-DBPs 的发生情况及其可变性。HANs、HKs 及其化合物（包括氯仿 (CPK)）的浓度在魁北克不同的供水系统中差异很大。这些 U-DBPs 的浓度范围与世界不同地区的饮用水浓度范围一致。系统规模、水源、季节、pH 值、总有机碳含量、游离余氯和消毒剂类型等因素导致 HANs、HKs 及其组成化合物（包括 CPK）在魁北克饮用水中的浓度发生显著变化。这些信息对于决策水源选择、供水管网规划、包括消毒在内的水厂设计以及与 U-DBPs 相关的整体饮用水质量管理都具有重要价值。此外，U-DBPs 和受管制的 DBPs 之间存在很强的相关性，尽管相关性的程度可能因水源、系统规模和季节而异，这表明受管制的 DBPs 可以用作 U-DBPs 的替代物。
