Oudman Erik, van Dam Mirjam, Postma Albert
a Experimental Psychology , Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands.
b Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands.
Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2018 Sep;23(5):307-320. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1505607. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
Loneliness is the subjective negative evaluation of social participation and isolation. Emotional loneliness reflects the absence of close relationships, and social loneliness the absence of a social network. Although loneliness is a growing problem in modern society, studies about loneliness in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) in need of chronic care are currently missing.
Sixty-three KS patients in long-term care and their primary caregivers reported loneliness of the patients on the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale.
A majority of KS patients reliably reported to feel lonely on both a social and emotional level of loneliness. The caregiving professionals rated loneliness of the patients even higher. Patients that had stayed in the clinic for a longer time tended to report less social loneliness, while caregivers reported less emotional loneliness in those patients. The KS-specific neuropsychiatric symptom of confabulations and a lack of social visits had a negative impact on social loneliness as perceived by the caregivers.
Loneliness is a large problem in patients with KS that live in a long term care facility. Social loneliness can be positively influenced by creating possibilities to interact with other people, although the severity of the neuropsychiatric aspects of KS could compromise the presence of those interactions.
孤独是对社会参与和孤立的主观负面评价。情感孤独反映了亲密关系的缺失，而社会孤独反映了社交网络的缺失。尽管孤独在现代社会中是一个日益严重的问题，但目前还缺乏对需要长期护理的柯萨科夫综合征（KS）患者的孤独感研究。
63名长期护理中的KS患者及其主要照顾者通过德容吉尔维尔德孤独量表报告了患者的孤独感。
大多数KS患者在社交和情感孤独层面都可靠地报告感到孤独。护理专业人员对患者孤独感的评分更高。在诊所停留时间较长的患者往往报告社交孤独感较少，而照顾者报告这些患者的情感孤独感较少。虚构这一KS特有的神经精神症状以及缺乏社交探访对照顾者所感知的社交孤独有负面影响。
对于住在长期护理机构的KS患者来说，孤独是一个大问题。通过创造与他人互动的机会，可以对社交孤独产生积极影响，尽管KS神经精神方面的严重程度可能会影响这些互动的存在。
