Oudman Erik, van der Stadt Thom, Bidesie Janice R, Wijnia Jan W, Postma Albert
Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Slingedael Center of Expertise for Korsakoff Syndrome, Slinge 901, 3086 EZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Clin Med. 2023 Jul 14;12(14):4681. doi: 10.3390/jcm12144681.
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder. The large majority of people with KS experience multiple comorbid health problems, including cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus. To our knowledge pain has not been investigated in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported pain as well as pain behavior observations reported by nursing staff. In total, 38 people diagnosed with KS residing in a long-term care facility for KS participated in this research. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC-15), Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS), and the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Dutch Language Version (MPQ-DLV) were used to index self-rated and observational pain in KS. People with KS reported significantly lower pain levels than their healthcare professionals reported for them. The highest pain scores were found on the PAIC-15, specifically on the emotional expression scale. Of importance, the patient pain reports did not correlate with the healthcare pain reports. Moreover, there was a high correlation between neuropsychiatric symptoms and observational pain reports. Specifically, agitation and observational pain reports strongly correlated. In conclusion, people with KS report less pain than their healthcare professionals indicate for them. Moreover, there is a close relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and observation-reported pain in people with KS. Our results suggest that pain is possibly underreported by people with KS and should be taken into consideration in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms of KS as a possible underlying cause.
科萨科夫综合征（KS）是一种慢性神经精神障碍。绝大多数KS患者还存在多种合并的健康问题，包括心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤和糖尿病。据我们所知，尚未对该人群的疼痛情况进行过研究。本研究的目的是调查患者自我报告的疼痛以及护理人员报告的疼痛行为观察结果。共有38名居住在KS长期护理机构的KS确诊患者参与了本研究。采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）、认知障碍疼痛评估量表（PAIC - 15）、鹿特丹老年人疼痛观察量表（REPOS）以及麦吉尔疼痛问卷荷兰语版（MPQ - DLV）来评估KS患者的自评疼痛和观察到的疼痛。KS患者报告的疼痛程度明显低于医护人员对他们的报告。在PAIC - 15量表上，尤其是在情绪表达量表上，疼痛得分最高。重要的是，患者的疼痛报告与医护人员的疼痛报告不相关。此外，神经精神症状与观察到的疼痛报告之间存在高度相关性。具体而言，激越与观察到的疼痛报告密切相关。总之，KS患者报告的疼痛程度低于医护人员所指出的程度。此外，KS患者的神经精神症状与观察到的疼痛报告之间存在密切关系。我们的结果表明，KS患者可能存在疼痛报告不足的情况，在治疗KS的神经精神症状时应考虑到疼痛可能是一个潜在原因。
