Marie CM Halliez, André G Buret, Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Dec 21;19(47):8974-85. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i47.8974.
Giardiasis is the most common waterborne parasitic infection of the human intestine worldwide. The etiological agent, Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, G. lamblia), is a flagellated, binucleated protozoan parasite which infects a wide array of mammalian hosts. Human giardiasis is a true cosmopolitan pathogen, with highest prevalence in developing countries. Giardiasis can present with a broad range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic, to acute or chronic diarrheal disease associated with abdominal pain and nausea. Most infections are self-limiting, although re-infection and chronic infection can occur. Recent evidence indicating that Giardia may cause chronic post-infectious gastrointestinal complications have made it a topic of intense research. The causes of the post-infectious clinical manifestations due to Giardia, even after complete elimination of the parasite, remain obscure. This review offers a state-of-the-art discussion on the long-term consequences of Giardia infections, from extra-intestinal manifestations, growth and cognitive deficiencies, to post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. The discussion also sheds light on some of the novel mechanisms recently implicated in the production of these post-infectious manifestations.
贾第虫病是全世界最常见的人肠水源性寄生感染。病原为十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫（也称肠贾第虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫），是一种具鞭毛、双核的原生动物寄生虫，感染范围广泛的哺乳动物宿主。人类贾第虫病是一种真正的世界性病原体，在发展中国家最为普遍。贾第虫病的临床表现范围广泛，从无症状到伴有腹痛和恶心的急性或慢性腹泻疾病。大多数感染是自限性的，但可能再次感染和慢性感染。最近的证据表明，贾第虫可能导致慢性感染后胃肠道并发症，使其成为一个研究热点。尽管寄生虫已完全消除，但导致感染后临床症状的原因仍不清楚。这篇综述提供了关于贾第虫感染的最新信息，包括肠道外表现、生长和认知缺陷，以及感染后肠易激综合征，讨论了这些感染后表现的一些新的发生机制。
