2014 - 2015年波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦麻疹疫情期间疫苗效力评估

Assessment of vaccine effectiveness during measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2014-2015.

作者信息

Musa Sanjin, Topalović Blaško, Ćatić Sutka, Smajlagić Zijada

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health of Tuzla Canton, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

出版信息

Cent Eur J Public Health. 2018 Jun;26(2):79-82. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4754.

DOI:10.21101/cejph.a4754

PMID:30102493

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Between February 2014 and September 2015 a large measles outbreak (5,084 cases) occurred in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H). The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of routine measles vaccination in the FB&H.

METHODS

We conducted an analysis of the resurgence period surveillance data and a retrospective cohort study involving primary school aged children in randomly selected schools.

RESULTS

Measles cases occurred among all age groups, mostly among the unvaccinated. Among fully immunized, 2.1% contracted measles. Measles vaccine effectiveness was high. The study indicates that one dose reduced the risk for measles by 91.9% (95% CI: 81.4-96.4%), two doses reduced the risk by 97.3% (95% CI: 95.5-98.4%). No evidence of waning immunity was found. Our survey reveals that a significant number of children had no immunization status registered.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study suggest that the resurgence was likely caused by an accumulation of measles-susceptible children not being vaccinated. This vaccine effectiveness study does not support possible vaccination failure as a contributing factor.

摘要

目的

2014年2月至2015年9月期间，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦（波黑联邦）爆发了大规模麻疹疫情（5084例病例）。本研究旨在评估波黑联邦常规麻疹疫苗接种的效果。

方法

我们对疫情复发期的监测数据进行了分析，并对随机抽取学校中适龄小学生进行了回顾性队列研究。

结果

麻疹病例在所有年龄组中均有发生，大多数发生在未接种疫苗的人群中。在完全免疫的人群中，2.1%的人感染了麻疹。麻疹疫苗的有效性很高。研究表明，一剂疫苗可将麻疹风险降低91.9%（95%置信区间：81.4 - 96.4%），两剂疫苗可将风险降低97.3%（95%置信区间：95.5 - 98.4%）。未发现免疫力下降的证据。我们的调查显示，大量儿童没有免疫接种记录。