Virology Research, Amhara Public Health Institute (APHI), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Health Biotechnology Divisions, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 21;24(1):1330. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-10239-w.
Measles is an extremely contagious viral disease that can be prevented through vaccination. It is caused by the measles virus and presents with symptoms such as high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and a distinctive rash. Complications may include pneumonia, diarrhoea, and neurological issues. The disease spreads through respiratory droplets and continues to pose a significant public health challenge, especially in Africa, despite vaccination efforts.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled vaccine effectiveness of measles vaccines among African children, providing insights into immunization program success and informing policy decisions on vaccine distribution and resource allocation.
Following PRISMA guidelines, search was conducted in databases including PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, HINARI, Cochrane/Wiley library, Europe PMC, and grey literatures like Google Scholar up to March 2024. Cross-sectional studies assessed measles vaccine effectiveness in African children aged nine months and above were included. Data was extracted using JBI extraction tool and entered into microsoft excel and analysed via STATA version 20.1 using random effect model.
From 5295 identified articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 26,470 children from 13 African countries. The pooled measles vaccine effectiveness was 68.58%, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.66%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed variability in vaccine effectiveness by study period, with higher effectiveness in studies conducted after the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) in 2012.
Measles vaccine effectiveness varies in African regions, ranging from 98.4% in Nigeria to 36.5% in Mozambique, with an overall effectiveness of 68.58% and high heterogeneity among studies. Optimizing vaccine distribution, increasing coverage, and prompt administration are important for enhancing effectiveness. Continued support for GVAP strategies and further research is needed to understand factors affecting vaccine performance and improve immunization efforts in Africa.
麻疹是一种极具传染性的病毒性疾病，可以通过接种疫苗来预防。它由麻疹病毒引起，其症状包括高热、咳嗽、流鼻涕、结膜炎和特征性皮疹。并发症可能包括肺炎、腹泻和神经系统问题。尽管进行了疫苗接种努力，但该疾病仍通过呼吸道飞沫传播，继续对非洲等地的公共卫生构成重大挑战。
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在估计麻疹疫苗在非洲儿童中的总体疫苗效力，为免疫规划的成功提供见解，并为疫苗分发和资源分配的政策决策提供信息。
根据 PRISMA 指南，在包括 PubMed/Medline、Science Direct、HINARI、Cochrane/Wiley 图书馆、Europe PMC 和 Google Scholar 等数据库中进行了检索，检索时间截至 2024 年 3 月。纳入评估 9 个月及以上年龄的非洲儿童麻疹疫苗效力的横断面研究。使用 JBI 提取工具提取数据，并将其输入 Microsoft Excel 中，使用 STATA 版本 20.1 通过随机效应模型进行分析。
从 5295 篇文章中，有 18 篇符合纳入标准，涵盖了来自 13 个非洲国家的 26470 名儿童。麻疹疫苗总体效力为 68.58%，具有显著的异质性（I2=99.66%，p<0.001）。亚组分析显示，研究期间疫苗效力存在差异，2012 年全球疫苗行动计划（GVAP）后进行的研究中疫苗效力更高。
非洲各地区麻疹疫苗效力不同，尼日利亚为 98.4%，莫桑比克为 36.5%，总体效力为 68.58%，且研究之间存在高度异质性。优化疫苗分发、提高覆盖率和及时接种对于提高效力很重要。需要继续支持 GVAP 策略，并开展进一步研究，以了解影响疫苗性能的因素，并改善非洲的免疫接种工作。
