Ghosh Samiran, Kappara Divya, Majumder Nabanita, Nath-Sain Suchita, Roy Arup Deb, Mukhopadhyay Siuli
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076 India.
National Disease Modelling Consortium, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 Maharashtra India.
Discov Viruses. 2025;2(1):23. doi: 10.1007/s44370-025-00027-8. Epub 2025 Aug 28.
Outbreaks of measles have been frequently reported despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In this systematic review we examine the potential factors that could impact the effectiveness, efficacy and immunogenicity of the measles vaccine (MV) in children.
We conducted a literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar for primary articles published between January 2010 and April 2025. Articles reporting the effectiveness, efficacy or immunogenicity of MV in children aged 0-15 years were included. Additionally, we use regression analysis on data available from few cohort studies in India and epidemiological modelling simulations to assess the effect of factors on vaccine effectiveness (VE), efficacy and immunogenicity.
Overall, 48 primary articles involving 172,464 children who had received the MV were included in the analysis. Key factors that may affect VE, efficacy and immunogenicity were malnutrition, genetic variants, chemotherapy and gender. Through statistical modelling we identified an inverse relationship between malnutrition and measles VE and estimated the possible percentage decrease in VE due to malnutrition across different states of India. Additionally, simulations from a Susceptible-Infected type model showed the effect of varying VE on the modelling outcomes and measles elimination targets.
We identified a few key factors including malnutrition, genetic variants, chemotherapy and gender that impact measles VE, efficacy and immunogenicity. Therefore, in addition to maintaining WHO recommended vaccine coverages, addressing the problems related to vaccine performance, evaluated in terms of VE, efficacy and immunogenicity, is crucial for achieving measles elimination targets.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44370-025-00027-8.
尽管有有效的疫苗，但麻疹疫情仍时有报道。在本系统评价中，我们研究了可能影响儿童麻疹疫苗（MV）有效性、效力和免疫原性的潜在因素。
我们使用PubMed和谷歌学术搜索了2010年1月至2025年4月发表的主要文章。纳入了报告MV在0至15岁儿童中有效性、效力或免疫原性的文章。此外，我们对印度少数队列研究可得的数据进行回归分析，并进行流行病学建模模拟，以评估各因素对疫苗有效性（VE）、效力和免疫原性的影响。
总体而言，分析纳入了48篇主要文章，涉及172464名接种过MV的儿童。可能影响VE、效力和免疫原性的关键因素包括营养不良、基因变异、化疗和性别。通过统计建模，我们确定了营养不良与麻疹VE之间的反比关系，并估计了印度不同邦因营养不良导致的VE可能下降的百分比。此外，易感-感染型模型的模拟显示了不同VE对建模结果和麻疹消除目标的影响。
我们确定了一些关键因素，包括营养不良、基因变异、化疗和性别，它们会影响麻疹的VE、效力和免疫原性。因此，除了维持世界卫生组织建议的疫苗接种覆盖率外，解决与疫苗性能相关的问题（从VE、效力和免疫原性方面评估）对于实现麻疹消除目标至关重要。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s44370-025-00027-8获取的补充材料。
