Yang Z P, Dong Y H, Wang Z H, Xu R B, Yang Z G, Tian R, Wang X J, Chen Y J, Zou Z Y, Ma J
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Aug 6;52(8):809-815. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.08.007.
To analyze the prevalence of physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years in 2014, and explore related influencing factors. This study recruited 106 881 Han students aged 13-18 years who had taken physical fitness test from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2014. After the exclusion of 1 047 students without complete records of physical fitness test, 105 834 students were included in the final analysis. According to the National Student Physical Health Standard modified in 2014, seven indicators including body mass index, vital capacity, 50-m run, sit-and-reach, standing broad jump, pull-ups/curl-ups and endurance run were tested to calculate the total score of students' physical fitness. Students with score ≥60 were regarded as qualified students. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors of physical fitness. Among Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years, the total score was 70.1±10.7 and the qualified rate was 83.9% (88 813). Boys (83.5% (44 197/52 910)) had a lower qualified rate of physical fitness than girls (84.3% (44 616/52 924)) (0.001), and 13-15 age group (86.5% (46 255/53 465)) was higher than the 16-18 age group (81.3% (42 558/52 369)) (0.001). Except for 16-18-year-old boys from central region, normal body mass index, eastern region, good socioeconomic status, enough PE class, exercise time ≥1 h/d, homework time ≥2 h/d, TV time <1 h/d were all related to high qualified rates of physical fitness (0.05). Chinese Han students aged 13-18 years were in good physical condition. The qualified rates of physical fitness were significantly different by gender and age groups. Nutritional status, region, socioeconomic status, PE class, exercise time per day, homework time per day, and TV time per day were related factors of physical fitness.
分析2014年13 - 18岁中国汉族学生的身体素质状况，并探讨相关影响因素。本研究选取了2014年中国学生体质与健康调研中106881名参加身体素质测试的13 - 18岁汉族学生。在排除1047名身体素质测试记录不完整的学生后，最终纳入105834名学生进行分析。依据2014年修订的《国家学生体质健康标准》，对包括体重指数、肺活量、50米跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、引体向上/仰卧起坐和耐力跑在内的7项指标进行测试，以计算学生身体素质总分。得分≥60分的学生被视为合格学生。采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析身体素质的影响因素。在13 - 18岁中国汉族学生中，总分是70.1±10.7，合格率为83.9%（88813人）。男生（83.5%（44197/52910））的身体素质合格率低于女生（84.3%（44616/52924））（P = 0.001），13 - 15岁年龄组（86.5%（46255/53465））高于16 - 18岁年龄组（81.3%（42558/52369））（P = 0.001）。除中部地区16 - 18岁男生外，正常体重指数、东部地区、良好的社会经济状况、充足的体育课、每天锻炼时间≥1小时、每天作业时间≥2小时、每天看电视时间<1小时均与较高的身体素质合格率相关（P<0.05）。13 - 18岁中国汉族学生身体素质状况良好。身体素质合格率在性别和年龄组间存在显著差异。营养状况、地区、社会经济状况、体育课、每天锻炼时间、每天作业时间和每天看电视时间是身体素质的相关影响因素。
