Song Y, Luo D M, Hu P J, Yan X J, Zhang J S, Lei Y T, Zhang B, Ma J
Peking University School of Public Health, The Institute of Child and Adolescent Health of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):317-322. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.02.020.
To analyze the trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014.
In the study, 738 523 students aged 13 to 18 years were extracted from the 1985 to 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. Height, weight, vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness were measured for each student. According to National Standards for Students' Physical Health (2014 Revision), students meeting an overall score ≥ 90.0 were considered to be of excellent health status and physical fitness. We used the Chi-square test to compare the differences in prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among different subgroups and draw maps of regional distribution of prevalence by using ArcGIS.
From 1985 to 2014, the average height, weight, and BMI for Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years increased consistently, while the average vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness fluctuated largely. The overall prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness increased from 2.7% in 1985 to 4.4% in 1995, dropped consistently to 1.1% in 2005, rebounded 0.6 percentage points in 2010, and increased to 2.2% in 2014. In each survey year, the prevalence for the boys was always higher than for the girls (P<0.001), the prevalence for middle school students aged 13 to 15 years was always higher than for high school students aged 16-18 years (P<0.001), and the prevalence for students in eastern region was higher than in western and central regions (P<0.001). In 1985 and 1995, the prevalence in certain provinces in eastern and central regions was <1%. In 2005, almost half provinces (14/30) had a prevalence <1%. In 2014, provinces in eastern coastal areas had relatively high prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness in students aged 13 to 18 years, while provinces in central and western regions had relatively low prevalence.
A fluctuating trend of the prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness has been observed among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years during the past three decades. There is great difference between the current prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness and the goal of Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, thus, the effective interventions and strategies for promoting students' physical activity and physical fitness are urgently needed in China.
分析1985年至2014年中国13至18岁汉族学生的健康状况和身体素质优秀率的变化趋势。
本研究从1985年至2014年的中国学生体质与健康调研中抽取了738523名13至18岁的学生。测量了每名学生的身高、体重、肺活量和身体素质指标。根据《国家学生体质健康标准（2014年修订）》，综合评分≥90.0分的学生被认为健康状况和身体素质优秀。我们使用卡方检验比较不同亚组间健康状况和身体素质优秀率的差异，并使用ArcGIS绘制优秀率的区域分布图。
1985年至2014年，中国13至18岁汉族学生的平均身高、体重和BMI持续增加，而平均肺活量和身体素质指标波动较大。健康状况和身体素质优秀的总体患病率从1985年的2.7%上升至1995年的4.4%，随后持续下降至2005年的1.1%，2010年反弹0.6个百分点，2014年升至2.2%。在每个调查年份，男生的患病率始终高于女生（P<0.001），13至15岁中学生的患病率始终高于16至18岁高中生（P<0.001），东部地区学生的患病率高于西部和中部地区（P<0.001）。1985年和1995年，东部和中部某些省份的患病率<1%。2005年，近一半省份（14/30）的患病率<1%。2014年，东部沿海省份13至18岁学生的健康状况和身体素质优秀率相对较高，而中西部省份相对较低。
在过去三十年中，中国13至18岁汉族学生的健康状况和身体素质优秀率呈波动趋势。目前的健康状况和身体素质优秀率与《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的目标存在较大差距，因此，中国迫切需要采取有效的干预措施和策略来促进学生的体育活动和身体素质。
