Apostolopoulos Athanasios, Michopoulos Ioannis, Zachos Ioannis, Rizos Emmanouil, Tzeferakos Georgios, Manthou Vasiliki, Papageorgiou Charalambos, Douzenis Athanasios
12nd Psychiatric Department of the University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Organization Against Drugs, Athens, Greece.
Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 10;17:35. doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0204-4. eCollection 2018.
Personality disorders (PDs) have been associated with both violent crimes and homicides in many studies. The proportion of PDs among prisoners reaches up to 80%. For male prisoners, the most common PD in the literature is antisocial PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PDs and violent crimes/homicides of male prisoners in Greece.
A sample of 308 subjects was randomly selected from a population of 1300 male prisoners incarcerated in two Greek prisons, one urban and one rural. The presence of PDs was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4). Using logistic regression models PD types and PD "Clusters" (independent variables) were associated with "violent/non-violent crimes" and "homicides/non homicides" (dependent variables).
"Cluster A" PDs (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal) were diagnosed in 16.2%, "Cluster B" (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic) in 66.9% and "Cluster C" (Obsessive-Compulsive, Dependent, Avoidant) in 2.9% of the studied population. Violent crimes and homicides were found significantly associated with "Cluster A" PDs ( = 0.022, = 0.020). The odds ratio of committing violent crimes was 2.86 times higher for patients with "Cluster A" PDs than the ones without PDs. In addition, the odds ratio of committing homicides was 4.25 times higher for patients with "Cluster A" PDs. In separate analyses, the commitment of violent crimes as well as homicides, was significantly associated with Schizoid ( = 0.043, = 0.020) and Schizotypal PD ( = 0.017, = 0.030).
The majority of prisoners was found to suffer from a PD, mainly the Antisocial "Cluster B", but the commitment of violent crimes and homicides was significantly associated only with "Cluster A" PDs and specifically with Schizoid and Schizotypal PD.
在许多研究中，人格障碍（PDs）与暴力犯罪及杀人行为都有关联。监狱囚犯中人格障碍的比例高达80%。对于男性囚犯而言，文献中最常见的人格障碍是反社会人格障碍。本研究的目的是调查希腊男性囚犯的人格障碍与暴力犯罪/杀人行为之间的关联。
从希腊两所监狱（一所位于城市，一所位于农村）关押的1300名男性囚犯中随机抽取308名作为样本。使用迷你国际神经精神访谈（MINI）和人格诊断问卷-4（PDQ-4）评估人格障碍的存在情况。利用逻辑回归模型，将人格障碍类型和人格障碍“簇”（自变量）与“暴力/非暴力犯罪”和“杀人/非杀人行为”（因变量）相关联。
在所研究的人群中，16.2%被诊断为“簇A”人格障碍（偏执型、分裂样和分裂型），66.9%为“簇B”（反社会型、边缘型、表演型、自恋型），2.9%为“簇C”（强迫型、依赖型、回避型）。发现暴力犯罪和杀人行为与 “簇A” 人格障碍显著相关（P = 0.022，P = 0.020）。患有“簇A”人格障碍的患者实施暴力犯罪的比值比是没有人格障碍患者的2.86倍。此外，患有“簇A”人格障碍的患者实施杀人行为的比值比是其4.25倍。在单独分析中，暴力犯罪以及杀人行为的实施与分裂样人格障碍（P = 0.043，P = 0.020）和分裂型人格障碍（P = 0.017，P = 0.030）显著相关。
发现大多数囚犯患有某种人格障碍，主要是反社会型“簇B”，但暴力犯罪和杀人行为的实施仅与“簇A”人格障碍显著相关，特别是与分裂样和分裂型人格障碍相关。
