Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Eur J Nutr. 2019 Oct;58(7):2615-2623. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1809-8. Epub 2018 Aug 18.
To examine the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in metabolically healthy overweight or obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) European adolescents.
In this cross-sectional study, 137 overweight/obese adolescents aged 12-17 years old from the HELENA study were included. Height, weight, waist circumference and skinfold thickness were measured and body mass index and body fat percent were calculated. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run test) were measured. MHO and MUO phenotypes were categorized following the Jolliffe and Janssen criteria. Two non-consecutive 24 h recalls were used for dietary intake assessment and the adherence to the MDP was calculated using the Mediterranean dietary pattern score (MDP score) (range 0-9).
A total of 45 (22 girls) adolescents (32.8%) were categorized as MHO. The adherence to the MDP was significantly higher in MHO than in MUO adolescents regardless of age, sex, body fat percentage, energy intake and center (MDP score: 4.6 ± 1.6 vs. 3.9 ± 1.5, p = 0.036), but this difference became non-significant after further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants who had a low adherence to the MDP (MDP score ≤ 4) had a higher likelihood of having MUO phenotype regardless of sex, age, energy intake, center and body fat percentage (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.01-4.81, p = 0.048).
Adherence to the MDP might be beneficial to maintain metabolic health in overweight/obese adolescents, yet cardiorespiratory fitness seems to play a key role on the metabolic phenotype.
研究代谢健康的超重或肥胖（MHO）和代谢不健康的肥胖（MUO）欧洲青少年对地中海饮食模式（MDP）的依从性。
本横断面研究纳入了 HELENA 研究中的 137 名 12-17 岁超重/肥胖青少年。测量身高、体重、腰围和皮褶厚度，并计算体重指数和体脂百分比。测量收缩压和舒张压、血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和心肺功能（20 米穿梭跑测试）。根据 Jolliffe 和 Janssen 标准对 MHO 和 MUO 表型进行分类。使用两次非连续的 24 小时回顾法评估饮食摄入，使用地中海饮食模式评分（MDP 评分）（范围 0-9）计算 MDP 的依从性。
共有 45 名（22 名女孩）青少年（32.8%）被归类为 MHO。无论年龄、性别、体脂百分比、能量摄入和中心如何，MHO 青少年的 MDP 依从性均显著高于 MUO 青少年（MDP 评分：4.6±1.6 与 3.9±1.5，p=0.036），但在进一步调整心肺功能后，这种差异变得不显著。无论性别、年龄、能量摄入、中心和体脂百分比如何，MDP 依从性低（MDP 评分≤4）的参与者更有可能具有 MUO 表型（OR 2.2；95%CI 1.01-4.81，p=0.048）。
在超重/肥胖青少年中，MDP 的依从性可能有益于维持代谢健康，但心肺功能似乎对代谢表型起着关键作用。
