Iancu Lavinia, Dean Dorothy E, Purcarea Cristina
Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
Hamilton County Coroner's Office, Cincinnati, OH.
J Med Entomol. 2018 Oct 25;55(6):1369-1379. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy136.
The decomposition process of human (and other mammalian) remains is influenced by numerous factors such as the environmental temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, geographical location of the remains, as well as the medical conditions of and any injuries sustained by the deceased person. The decomposition process generally follows a consistent pattern (fresh, bloat, active decomposition, advanced decomposition, and dry stage). Understanding the time-span of each stage of decomposition and the influence of the biotic and abiotic factors involved is imperative when trying to estimate the time elapsed since death (postmortem interval [PMI]). Over the course of decomposition, the tissues are gradually consumed by necrophagous insects and bacteria. The environmental temperature and its variations influence how insects colonize the remains, having a significant impact on their presence and developmental cycle. Additionally, the bacterial community colonizing decomposing tissues is also greatly affected by variations in environmental temperature. Because both the rate of decomposition of human remains and the relative abundance of certain insects and bacterial species are all temperature-dependent, insect and bacterial colonization data are useful as key points for the PMI estimation. This article reviews the current literature documenting the data collected on the occurrence and development cycles of predominant necrophagous Diptera (Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae) and bacterial taxa involved in the decomposition of various carcasses at different temperatures. This review will impact the forensic community by providing an overview on the temperature, insect and bacterial records for the PMI estimation, seeking to aid forensic entomologists, microbiologists, pathologists, and the legal community.
人类（以及其他哺乳动物）遗体的分解过程受到多种因素的影响，如环境温度、相对湿度、降水量、遗体的地理位置，以及死者的健康状况和所受的任何损伤。分解过程通常遵循一致的模式（新鲜期、肿胀期、活跃分解期、高级分解期和干燥期）。在试图估计死亡时间（死后间隔时间[PMI]）时，了解分解各阶段的时间跨度以及所涉及的生物和非生物因素的影响至关重要。在分解过程中，组织会逐渐被食尸昆虫和细菌消耗。环境温度及其变化会影响昆虫在遗体上的定殖情况，对它们的出现和发育周期有重大影响。此外，定殖在正在分解的组织上的细菌群落也会受到环境温度变化的极大影响。由于人类遗体的分解速度以及某些昆虫和细菌物种的相对丰度都与温度有关，昆虫和细菌定殖数据作为PMI估计的关键点很有用。本文回顾了当前的文献，这些文献记录了在不同温度下收集的关于参与各种尸体分解的主要食尸双翅目（丽蝇科、蝇科、麻蝇科）和细菌类群的发生和发育周期的数据。这篇综述将通过提供关于用于PMI估计的温度、昆虫和细菌记录的概述，对法医界产生影响，旨在帮助法医昆虫学家、微生物学家、病理学家和法律界。
