Institute of Nutritional Physiology, "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf 18196, Germany.
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Federal Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick 38116, Germany.
Poult Sci. 2019 Jan 1;98(1):306-318. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey347.
The influence of variously processed feedstuffs on the gastrointestinal tract, various blood parameters, and T cell subsets of different localizations was investigated in 36 broilers. Birds were fed a similarly composed feed mixture differing in particle size (coarse vs. fine). Feedstuffs with different particle size distribution were additionally hydrothermally treated (HTT) (without-non-compacted, pelleted, expanded, and pelleted). The HTT affected BW at slaughtering day and feed intake (P < 0.001). Birds fed non-compacted feed consumed less feed and were lighter than animals of other feeding groups irrespective of grinding fineness. Proventricular size was influenced by HTT (P < 0.001) but not the weight. Generally, feeding of pelleted feed increased proventricular size. Gizzard weight and length was affected by particle size and HTT (P < 0.01). Non-compacted feed resulted in heavier but shorter gizzards compared to other feeds except for finely ground expanded and pelleted feed. Organ traits of gizzard and proventriculus were strongly related to the feed intake. The jejunum was heavier in birds fed expanded and pelleted feed compared to animals fed solely pelleted feed (P = 0.030). The intestinal segment weight to length ratio (WL ratio) of duodenum, jejunum, and total small intestine was affected by HTT (P < 0.01). Generally, non-compacted feed resulted in lowest WL ratios regardless of the particle size distribution. Feeding variously processed feedstuffs also affected white blood cells, blood sodium, and chloride concentrations (P < 0.05) and tended to influence blood carbon dioxide partial pressure and blood total carbon dioxide levels (P < 0.1) in venous blood. Subsets of CD4/CD8 double negative T cells of caecal tonsils were influenced by HTT (P < 0.043). Non-compacted feed tended to increase these subsets in this localization compared to other feeds. In conclusion, the present study shows that an increased feed intake provoked by feed compaction evoke proventricular and ventricular alterations. Furthermore, feeding of variously processed feedstuffs influences the acid base homeostasis and the local immune system of caecal tonsils.
本研究旨在探讨不同加工饲料对 36 只肉鸡胃肠道、各种血液参数和不同定位 T 细胞亚群的影响。试验采用相同组成的饲料混合物，但颗粒大小不同（粗粒与细粒）进行喂养。此外，还对具有不同粒度分布的饲料进行了水热处理（HTT）（无压-非压实、制粒、膨化和制粒）。HTT 影响屠宰日体重和采食量（P < 0.001）。与其他饲料组相比，饲喂非压实饲料的鸡采食量减少，体重较轻，而与粉碎细度无关。腺胃大小受 HTT 影响（P < 0.001），但不受重量影响。一般来说，饲喂制粒饲料会增加腺胃的大小。肌胃重量和长度受颗粒大小和 HTT 影响（P < 0.01）。与其他饲料相比，非压实饲料导致肌胃较重但较短，除了粉碎膨化和制粒饲料。肌胃和前胃的器官特征与采食量密切相关。与仅饲喂制粒饲料的鸡相比，饲喂膨化和制粒饲料的鸡空肠较重（P = 0.030）。十二指肠、空肠和小肠总重量与长度比（WL 比）受 HTT 影响（P < 0.01）。一般来说，无论颗粒大小分布如何，非压实饲料都会导致最低的 WL 比。饲喂不同加工的饲料还会影响白细胞、血液钠和氯浓度（P < 0.05），并倾向于影响静脉血中的二氧化碳分压和血液总二氧化碳水平（P < 0.1）。盲肠扁桃体的 CD4/CD8 双阴性 T 细胞亚群受 HTT 影响（P < 0.043）。与其他饲料相比，非压实饲料使该定位的这些亚群趋于增加。总之，本研究表明，压实饲料引起的采食量增加会引起前胃和心室的改变。此外，饲喂不同加工的饲料会影响盲肠扁桃体的酸碱平衡和局部免疫系统。
