Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Poult Sci. 2014 Aug;93(8):2060-8. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03783. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Several studies illustrated that the structure of feed, i.e., the particle size, particle-size distribution, and the physical form of the diet, affects the avian gastrointestinal function and health leading to changes in productive performance. However, investigations concerning the effects of feeding differently processed diets on laying hens are limited and primarily concentrated on bird performance. The current study examines the effect of feed processing on the gastrointestinal morphology and on the jejunal glucose transport of laying hens. In 8 replicates, a total of 384 hens (Lohmann Brown) aged 20 wk were randomly allocated to 8 different groups and fed over a period of 21 d in a 3-factorial design. Diets differed in 1) grinding method, either hammer or roller mill; 2) physical form, either mash or expandate; and 3) particle size, either coarsely or finely ground. During the experimental trial, the laying performance of each feeding group was recorded daily and the feed intake and BW determined weekly. After slaughtering, the weights of the pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, and small intestine were measured. Villus lengths and crypt depths of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were determined. The jejunal electrogenic glucose transport was studied in Ussing chambers. Hens that received mash instead of expandate had higher proventriculus (P = 0.011), gizzard (P < 0.001), and pancreas (P = 0.019) weights, whereas the feeding of coarsely instead of finely ground diets led to higher gizzard weights (P < 0.001). Mash-fed hens showed longer duodenal (P < 0.001) and shorter ileal villi (P = 0.047) and increased duodenal villus height-to-crypt depth ratios (P < 0.001) than those given the expandate. Mash-fed hens had higher glucose transport rates than expandate-fed hens (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the feeding of coarsely ground as well as mash diets had stimulating effects on the development of the gastrointestinal organs. Moreover, the feeding of mash influenced the intestinal microstructure of the epithelium that was accompanied by higher glucose transport capacities.
几项研究表明，饲料的结构，即粒径、粒径分布和日粮的物理形式，会影响禽类的胃肠道功能和健康，从而导致生产性能的变化。然而，关于不同加工日粮对蛋鸡的影响的研究有限，主要集中在禽类的性能上。本研究探讨了饲料加工对蛋鸡胃肠道形态和空肠葡萄糖转运的影响。在 8 个重复中，总共 384 只 20 周龄的母鸡（罗曼褐鸡）被随机分配到 8 个不同的组中，并在 3 因素设计中进行了 21 天的喂养。日粮在 1）粉碎方法，锤式粉碎机或辊式磨；2）物理形式，糊料或膨化料；和 3）颗粒大小，粗粉碎或细粉碎上存在差异。在实验期间，每天记录每个饲养组的产蛋性能，每周记录采食量和 BW。屠宰后，测量胰腺、腺胃、肌胃和小肠的重量。测定十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度和隐窝深度。在 Ussing 室中研究了空肠的电致葡萄糖转运。与膨化料相比，接受糊料的母鸡具有更高的腺胃（P = 0.011）、肌胃（P < 0.001）和胰腺（P = 0.019）重量，而与细粉碎日粮相比，粗粉碎日粮导致更高的肌胃重量（P < 0.001）。与膨化料相比，糊料组的母鸡十二指肠（P < 0.001）更长，回肠绒毛更短（P = 0.047），十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值更高（P < 0.001）。与膨化料相比，糊料组的母鸡具有更高的葡萄糖转运率（P < 0.001）。总之，粗粉碎和糊料日粮的喂养对胃肠道器官的发育有刺激作用。此外，糊料的喂养影响了上皮的肠道微观结构，伴随着更高的葡萄糖转运能力。
