Section of Virology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; email:
Annu Rev Pathol. 2019 Jan 24;14:29-53. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013023. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to about 1.5% of all cases of human cancer worldwide, and viral genes are expressed in the malignant cells. EBV also very efficiently causes the proliferation of infected human B lymphocytes. The functions of the viral proteins and small RNAs that may contribute to EBV-associated cancers are becoming increasingly clear, and a broader understanding of the sequence variation of the virus genome has helped to interpret their roles. The improved understanding of the mechanisms of these cancers means that there are great opportunities for the early diagnosis of treatable stages of EBV-associated cancers and the use of immunotherapy to target EBV-infected cells or overcome immune evasion. There is also scope for preventing disease by immunization and for developing therapeutic agents that target the EBV gene products expressed in the cancers.
EB 病毒（EBV）导致了全世界约 1.5%的人类癌症病例，其病毒基因在恶性细胞中表达。EBV 还能非常有效地促使受感染的人类 B 淋巴细胞增殖。病毒蛋白和小 RNA 的功能可能有助于 EBV 相关癌症，其作用也越来越明确，对病毒基因组序列变异的更广泛了解有助于解释它们的作用。对这些癌症机制的深入了解意味着有很大的机会可以进行早期诊断，治疗 EBV 相关癌症的可治疗阶段，并利用免疫疗法靶向 EBV 感染细胞或克服免疫逃逸。通过免疫接种预防疾病以及开发针对癌症中表达的 EBV 基因产物的治疗药物也具有一定的前景。
