Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Environment, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Nov 15;226:298-307. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.036. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
A clear consequence of the increasing application of nanotechnology is its adverse effect on the environment. Semiconductor nanoparticles are among engineered nanomaterials that have been considered recently for their specific characteristics. In the present work, zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe NPs) were synthesized and characterized by XRD, TEM, DLS and SEM. Biological aspects related to the impact of nanoparticles and Zn ions were analyzed on the aquatic higher plant Lemna minor. The localization of ZnSe NPs in the root cells of L. minor was determined by TEM and fluorescence microscopy. Then, the entrance of ZnSe NPs into the plant cells was evaluated by a range of biological tests. The outcomes revealed that both the NPs and the ionic forms noticeably poisoned L. minor. In one hand, growth parameters and physiological indices such as photosynthetic pigments content were decreased. On the other hand, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), as well as the contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants (phenols and flavonoids) were elevated. Taken together, high concentration of ZnSe NPs and Zn triggered phytotoxicity which in turn provoked the plants' defense system. The changes in antioxidant activities confirmed a higher toxicity by Zn ions in comparison with ZnSe NPs. It means that the considered ions are more hazardous to the living organisms than the nanoparticles.
纳米技术应用的一个明显后果是其对环境的不良影响。半导体纳米粒子是近年来被考虑用于其特殊特性的工程纳米材料之一。在本工作中，通过 XRD、TEM、DLS 和 SEM 合成和表征了硒化锌纳米粒子（ZnSe NPs）。分析了与纳米颗粒和 Zn 离子影响相关的生物方面对水生高等植物浮萍的影响。通过 TEM 和荧光显微镜确定了 ZnSe NPs 在浮萍根细胞中的定位。然后，通过一系列生物测试评估了 ZnSe NPs 进入植物细胞的情况。结果表明，纳米颗粒和离子形式都明显地毒害了浮萍。一方面，生长参数和生理指标如光合色素含量降低。另一方面，一些抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT））的活性以及非酶抗氧化剂（酚类和类黄酮）的含量升高。总之，高浓度的 ZnSe NPs 和 Zn 引发了植物毒性，从而引发了植物的防御系统。抗氧化活性的变化证实了 Zn 离子比 ZnSe NPs 具有更高的毒性。这意味着与纳米颗粒相比，考虑到的离子对生物体更具危害性。
