Townsi Nada, Laing Ingrid A, Hall Graham L, Simpson Shannon J
Children's Lung Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.
Division Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Eur Clin Respir J. 2018 Aug 1;5(1):1487214. doi: 10.1080/20018525.2018.1487214. eCollection 2018.
Children born preterm, less than 37 weeks' gestation, are at increased risk of viral respiratory infections and associated complications both during their initial birth hospitalisation and in their first years following discharge. This increased burden of viral respiratory infections is likely to have long term implications for lung health and function in individuals born preterm, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the association between early life viral respiratory infection and development of suboptimal lung health and function later in life following preterm birth. Although preterm infants with diminished lung function, particularly small airways, might be particularly susceptible to asthma and wheezing disorders following viral infection, there is evidence that respiratory viruses can activate number of inflammatory and airway re-modelling pathways. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the perinatal and early life risk factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections among preterm infants during early life and to understand how respiratory viral infection may influence the development of abnormal lung health and function later in life.
孕周小于37周的早产出生儿童，在其出生后最初住院期间以及出院后的头几年，发生病毒性呼吸道感染及相关并发症的风险增加。这种病毒性呼吸道感染负担的增加，可能会对早产出生个体的肺部健康和功能产生长期影响，尤其是那些患有支气管肺发育不良的个体。人们已经提出了几种假说，以解释生命早期病毒性呼吸道感染与早产出生后后期肺部健康和功能欠佳发展之间的关联。尽管肺功能减弱的早产婴儿，尤其是小气道功能减弱的婴儿，在病毒感染后可能特别容易患哮喘和喘息性疾病，但有证据表明，呼吸道病毒可激活多种炎症和气道重塑途径。因此，本综述的目的是强调围产期和生命早期的风险因素，这些因素可能导致早产婴儿在生命早期对病毒性呼吸道感染的易感性增加，并了解呼吸道病毒感染如何影响后期异常肺部健康和功能的发展。
