Baergen Rebecca N
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
APMIS. 2018 Jul;126(7):544-550. doi: 10.1111/apm.12830.
The placenta is a fetal organ, composed of fetal DNA and as such reflects the fetal phenotype. The placenta consists of an umbilical cord, fetal membranes (amnion and chorion), and the placental disc which in turn is comprised of villous tissue. Both maternal and fetal disorders have placental sequelae and placental abnormalities can affect both maternal and fetal well-being. As such, placentas are often helpful in future maternal and neonatal healthcare. Thus, examination of the placenta is important for both mother and infant. On this basis, a list of indications for placental examinations has been created by a multidisciplinary group of pathologists, maternal-fetal-medicine specialists, and neonatologists that, if followed, will ensure that the vast majority of placentas that ultimately show any significant pathology will be examined (Arch Pathol Lab Med, 121, 1997, 449-76). This list include fetal, maternal, and placental indications. This chapter will discuss those indications as well as give a brief overview of macroscopic placental examination and procedure.
胎盘是一个胎儿器官，由胎儿DNA组成，因此反映胎儿表型。胎盘由脐带、胎膜（羊膜和绒毛膜）和胎盘盘组成，而胎盘盘又由绒毛组织构成。母体和胎儿疾病都会产生胎盘后遗症，胎盘异常会影响母体和胎儿的健康。因此，胎盘对未来的母体和新生儿医疗保健通常很有帮助。因此，胎盘检查对母亲和婴儿都很重要。在此基础上，一组由病理学家、母胎医学专家和新生儿科医生组成的多学科团队制定了一份胎盘检查适应症清单，如果遵循该清单，将确保绝大多数最终显示任何重大病理的胎盘都能得到检查（《美国病理学与实验室医学杂志》，121卷，1997年，第449 - 476页）。该清单包括胎儿、母体和胎盘方面的适应症。本章将讨论这些适应症，并简要概述胎盘的宏观检查及操作流程。
