a Graduate School of Public Health , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
b Department of Family Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(1):91-96. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1514226. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
Hospitalized patients with an acute respiratory illness (ARI) were compared to determine if demographic characteristics, timing or influenza vaccination biased who received clinical respiratory viral panel (RVP) testing.
171 enrollees in an influenza vaccine effectiveness study and a sample of non-enrollees (N = 1029) admitted to a community hospital with ARI during December 2015 through April 2016 comprised the study sample. Those who received clinical RVP testing (n = 292) were compared to those who did not by age, sex, influenza vaccination status, and period (pre-peak influenza season vs. peak/post peak influenza season), using Chi square- and t-tests, and logistic regression.
Mean age of participants was 70 years, 58% was female and 45% had been vaccinated against influenza in the 2015-2016 season. Those with clinical RVP testing were significantly younger (67 years) than those without RVP (71 years; P < 0.001), but did not differ with respect to sex or vaccination status. The odds of clinical RVP testing were significantly (P = 0.004) related to younger age (< 65 years) (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.14-2.00) and to later period (peak/post peak influenza season; OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.84-3.79) but were unrelated to influenza vaccination status or the interaction of time and vaccination status.
RVP testing was significantly higher among younger hospitalized patients with an ARI and during the peak and post peak influenza periods than earlier in the season, but influenza vaccination status was not a significant factor. Studies that enroll based on clinical RVP testing should account for potential differences by age.
比较患有急性呼吸道疾病（ARI）的住院患者，以确定人口统计学特征、时间或流感疫苗接种是否会影响接受临床呼吸道病毒检测的情况。
本研究纳入了一项流感疫苗效果研究的 171 名参与者和一个非研究参与者样本（N=1029 名），他们均在 2015 年 12 月至 2016 年 4 月期间因 ARI 入住社区医院。比较了接受临床呼吸道病毒检测（n=292）和未接受检测的患者的年龄、性别、流感疫苗接种状况和时间（流感季节前高峰/后高峰），使用卡方检验和 t 检验以及逻辑回归。
参与者的平均年龄为 70 岁，58%为女性，45%在 2015-2016 年流感季节接种了流感疫苗。接受临床呼吸道病毒检测的患者明显比未接受检测的患者年龄小（67 岁比 71 岁；P<0.001），但在性别或疫苗接种状况方面无差异。接受临床呼吸道病毒检测的可能性与年龄较小（<65 岁）（优势比（OR）=1.51；95%置信区间（CI）=1.14-2.00）和后期时间（高峰/后高峰流感季节）（OR=2.64；95%CI=1.84-3.79）显著相关（P=0.004），但与流感疫苗接种状况或时间和疫苗接种状况的相互作用无关。
与流感季节早期相比，患有 ARI 的年轻住院患者和流感季节高峰期和高峰期过后，接受呼吸道病毒检测的可能性明显更高，但流感疫苗接种状况并不是一个重要因素。基于临床呼吸道病毒检测进行招募的研究应考虑年龄差异。
