Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
School of Labor and Employment Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois.
Stress Health. 2018 Dec;34(5):639-648. doi: 10.1002/smi.2831. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
This study examines the short-term recovery benefits of weekend physical activity on reduced negative affective state (NA) on Monday morning, using a weekly diary method from 70 employees across four weekends (repeated pre- and post-weekend measures). The first hypothesis tests the within-person relationship between weekend physical activity and post-weekend NA. The results of multilevel path analysis show that the main effect of weekend physical activity on reduced Monday NA is not significant. In addition, the study tests weekend recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) and sleep hours as possible moderators. The findings support the moderating effects of psychological detachment and sleep hours. Specifically, weekend physical activity is related to lower Monday NA only if workers achieve high psychological detachment from work during the weekend. If not, their weekend physical activity is associated with higher NA. Also, the benefit of weekend physical activity occurs only when workers sleep longer on the weekend nights. The findings suggest that physical activity has important boundary conditions-psychological detachment and sleep duration-that influence its recovery effects on NA. The complex relationship between exercise and recovery is discussed, along with the implications of the findings for future research.
本研究采用每周日记法，在四个周末（重复前后周末测量）中，从 70 名员工中检验了周末身体活动对减少周一早晨负性情绪状态（NA）的短期恢复益处。第一个假设检验了周末身体活动与周末后 NA 之间的个体内关系。多层次路径分析的结果表明，周末身体活动对减少周一 NA 的主要影响不显著。此外，该研究还测试了周末恢复体验（即心理解脱、放松、掌控感）和睡眠时间作为可能的调节变量。研究结果支持心理解脱和睡眠时间的调节作用。具体来说，只有当工人在周末从工作中获得高度的心理解脱时，周末身体活动才与较低的周一 NA 相关。否则，他们的周末身体活动与更高的 NA 相关。此外，只有当工人在周末晚上睡得更长时，周末身体活动的益处才会显现。研究结果表明，身体活动有重要的边界条件——心理解脱和睡眠时间，这会影响其对 NA 的恢复效果。本文还讨论了锻炼与恢复之间的复杂关系，以及这些发现对未来研究的意义。
