School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Tam Dao National Park, Tam Dao, Vietnam.
Environ Manage. 2018 Nov;62(5):877-891. doi: 10.1007/s00267-018-1094-6. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Local application of the biosphere reserve concept in Kien Giang, Vietnam was examined to see how it compared with other biosphere reserves both in Vietnam and internationally and from that to assess the level of adoption and what could be limiting processes. This was undertaken mainly through qualitative document analysis, field surveys, and extensive interviews of stakeholders. While the designation the Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve and establishment of the management regulation conformed with the conceptual model and criteria outlined by UNESCO, the practical implementation has been inadequate to achieve the desired outcomes of the biosphere reserve concept. There was limited public awareness and understanding of the biosphere reserve approach because of poorly developed communication channels. Top-down, state-control based on a strong sectoral approach to biosphere reserve planning and management hindered stakeholder and community participation. Weak engagement from the Province as the designated lead agency in biosphere reserve governance limited cross-sectoral collaboration in the delivery of the biosphere reserve mandated functions. External projects were perceived by community stakeholders to have only a temporary impact on biosphere reserve operation because of their small, short-term scale with the project maintaining control over funding and design of individual activities. Without proper investment in public awareness and improvement of Biosphere Reserve governance leadership, the desire for development of strategic public-private partnerships to support implementation remains unfulfilled and the Biosphere Reserve model will, as a consequence, contribute little to the long-term biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development in the region.
越南坚江省的生物圈保护区概念的地方应用情况进行了研究，以了解其在越南和国际上与其他生物圈保护区的比较，并从这些比较中评估采用程度和可能限制采用的因素。这主要是通过定性文献分析、实地调查和对利益相关者的广泛访谈来进行的。虽然坚江生物圈保护区的指定和管理条例的制定符合教科文组织概述的概念模型和标准，但实际执行情况不足以实现生物圈保护区概念的预期结果。由于沟通渠道不畅，公众对生物圈保护区方法的认识和理解有限。基于部门主导的生物圈保护区规划和管理的自上而下、国家控制的方法阻碍了利益相关者和社区的参与。作为生物圈保护区治理的指定牵头机构，该省的参与度有限，限制了生物圈保护区规定职能的跨部门合作。由于外部项目规模较小、持续时间短，且项目对单个活动的资金和设计拥有控制权，因此社区利益相关者认为这些项目对生物圈保护区的运营只有暂时的影响。如果不对公众意识和生物圈保护区治理领导力进行适当投资，发展战略公私伙伴关系以支持实施的愿望将无法实现，因此，生物圈保护区模式对该地区的长期生物多样性保护和社会经济发展的贡献将微乎其微。
