Aykan Serdar, Temiz Mustafa Zafer, Duymaz Tomris, Ural Ibrahim Halil, Colakerol Aykut, Muslumanoglu Ahmet Yaser, Semercioz Atilla
1 Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
2 Department of Urology, Catalca State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2019 Mar;29(3):346-352. doi: 10.1089/lap.2018.0328. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
The three-dimensional (3D) vision system was released to the medical market to improve laparoscopic outcomes. We analyzed the muscular pain and fatigue, and the performance outcomes after several laparoscopic urologic tasks were completed with the 3D vision system.
A total of 49 participants with different surgical expertise levels were enrolled in the study. All the participants performed some laparoscopic urologic tasks using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D vision systems separately. A mini questionnaire survey was also completed by the participants. The duration and quality of the tasks and the muscular fatigue and pain were objectively determined. All the parameters were compared between the 2D and 3D systems.
Although all the tasks were completed in significantly shorter times with the 3D vision system in each expertise level, maximal shortening was seen in the residents. The overall quality scores were significantly higher with the 3D vision system. However, a maximal increase was seen in the residents. The muscular pain of the participants was lower with 3D vision system. The overall handgrip strength significantly increased from 41.2 to 42.4 kg after the tasks with the 3D vision system, but the difference was significant in only the residents. Twenty-seven participants (56.2%) declared that the 3D system contributed to their performance, and most of the participants (83.3%) preferred the 3D system in the questionnaire survey.
3D technology may be effective for use in urologic laparoscopic training programs of novice surgeons. It may also contribute to the skills of specialists and experts, shortening the surgical time, which may decrease the surgical morbidity.
三维（3D）视觉系统已投放至医疗市场以改善腹腔镜手术效果。我们分析了使用3D视觉系统完成多项腹腔镜泌尿外科手术任务后的肌肉疼痛与疲劳情况以及手术效果。
共有49名具有不同手术专业水平的参与者纳入本研究。所有参与者分别使用二维（2D）和3D视觉系统完成一些腹腔镜泌尿外科手术任务。参与者还完成了一份简短的问卷调查。客观测定了任务的持续时间和质量以及肌肉疲劳和疼痛情况。对2D和3D系统的所有参数进行了比较。
尽管在每个专业水平下，使用3D视觉系统完成所有任务的时间均显著缩短，其中住院医师的缩短幅度最大。3D视觉系统的总体质量得分显著更高。然而，住院医师的得分增幅最大。使用3D视觉系统时参与者的肌肉疼痛较轻。使用3D视觉系统完成任务后，总体握力从41.2千克显著增加至42.4千克，但仅住院医师的差异具有统计学意义。27名参与者（56.2%）宣称3D系统有助于他们的手术操作，并且在问卷调查中，大多数参与者（83.3%）更喜欢3D系统。
3D技术可能对新手外科医生的泌尿外科腹腔镜培训项目有效。它也可能有助于专科医生和专家的技能提升，缩短手术时间，这可能降低手术发病率。
