MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Aug 24;67(33):925-930. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6733a3.
The opioid epidemic affects multiple segments of the U.S. population (1). Occupational patterns might be critical to understanding the epidemic. Opioids are often prescribed for specific types of work-related injuries, which vary by occupation* (2). CDC used mortality data from the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system to examine unintentional or undetermined drug overdose mortality within 26 occupation groups. This study included data from the 21 U.S. states participating in NOMS during 2007-2012. Drug overdose mortality was compared with total mortality using proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) indirectly standardized for age, sex, race, year, and state. Mortality patterns specific to opioid-related overdose deaths were also assessed. Construction occupations had the highest PMRs for drug overdose deaths and for both heroin-related and prescription opioid-related overdose deaths. The occupation groups with the highest PMRs from methadone, natural and semisynthetic opioids, and synthetic opioids other than methadone were construction, extraction (e.g., mining, oil and gas extraction), and health care practitioners. The workplace is an integral part of life for the majority of the adult U.S. population; incorporating workplace research and interventions likely will benefit the opioid epidemic response.
阿片类药物泛滥影响了美国多个群体（1）。职业模式可能对了解这一流行趋势至关重要。阿片类药物通常用于治疗特定类型的与工作相关的损伤，这因职业而异*（2）。疾病预防控制中心使用国家职业性死亡率监测系统（NOMS）中的死亡率数据，来研究 26 个职业群体中与非故意或原因不明的药物过量相关的死亡率。本研究包括了来自 21 个州的数据，这些州在 2007-2012 年期间参与了 NOMS。使用间接年龄、性别、种族、年份和州标准化的比例死亡率（PMR），将药物过量死亡率与总死亡率进行比较。还评估了与阿片类药物相关的过量死亡的特定死亡模式。建筑行业的药物过量死亡率和海洛因相关以及处方类阿片类药物相关的过量死亡率最高。与美沙酮、天然和半合成阿片类药物以及除美沙酮以外的合成阿片类药物相关的最高 PMR 的职业群体是建筑、采掘（如采矿、石油和天然气开采）以及医疗保健从业者。对于大多数美国成年人来说，工作场所是其生活的重要组成部分；因此，开展职场研究和干预措施可能有助于应对阿片类药物泛滥。
