Shin Bora, Park Woojun
Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Front Vet Sci. 2018 Jul 24;5:166. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00166. eCollection 2018.
Diseases caused by bacterial infections in small-scale and industrial livestock are becoming serious global health concern in veterinary science. Zoonotic bacteria, including , and species, that infect animals and humans cause various illnesses, such as fever, diarrhea, and related complications. Bacterial diseases in animals can be treated with various classes of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to drug resistance in infectious agents, e.g., methicillin-resistant ; this hampers the treatment of infections in livestock, and such problems are increasing worldwide. Dietary phytochemicals and herbal medicines are useful and viable alternatives to pharmaceuticals because they are economical, effective, non-resistance-forming, renewable, and environmentally friendly. They are small molecules with high structural diversity that cause selective stress to or stimulation of resident microbiota, consequently causing an abundance of such microorganisms; thus, they can be used in preventing various diseases, ranging from metabolic and inflammatory diseases to cancer. In addition, the antioxidant effects of phytochemicals prevent substantial losses in the livestock industry by increasing animal fertility and preventing diseases. Potentially effective plant extracts could be used in combination with antibiotics to decrease the required dose of antibiotics and increase their effectiveness. This strategy can help avoid the side effects of chemical antimicrobials and allow the effective use of phytochemicals for treating diseases. Furthermore, phytochemicals are considered as potential alternatives to antibiotics because of their economical, non-resistance-forming and environmentally friendly properties. Flavonoids such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and phenols such as galangin, puerarin, and ursolic acid are proven to be effective as antimicrobial agents. This review provides invaluable information about the types of microbial infections in animals and the current knowledge on phytotherapeutic agents classified by their mode of actions. It also provides insights into potential strategies for effectively treating animal infections using phytochemicals.
小规模养殖和工业化养殖家畜中由细菌感染引起的疾病，正成为兽医学领域严重的全球健康问题。包括 、 和 物种在内的人畜共患细菌，感染动物和人类后会引发各种疾病，如发热、腹泻及相关并发症。动物的细菌疾病可用各类抗生素治疗，包括氟喹诺酮类、β - 内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和大环内酯类。然而，抗生素的过度使用和滥用已导致感染病原体产生耐药性，例如耐甲氧西林的 ；这阻碍了家畜感染疾病的治疗，且此类问题在全球范围内日益增加。膳食植物化学物质和草药是药物的有用且可行替代品，因为它们经济、有效、不产生耐药性、可再生且环保。它们是具有高度结构多样性的小分子，会对常驻微生物群造成选择性应激或刺激，从而导致此类微生物数量增加；因此，它们可用于预防从代谢性疾病、炎症性疾病到癌症等各种疾病。此外，植物化学物质的抗氧化作用可通过提高动物繁殖力和预防疾病，防止畜牧业遭受重大损失。潜在有效的植物提取物可与抗生素联合使用，以减少所需抗生素剂量并提高其有效性。这种策略有助于避免化学抗菌剂的副作用，并使植物化学物质有效用于疾病治疗。此外，由于其经济、不产生耐药性和环保的特性，植物化学物质被视为抗生素的潜在替代品。白藜芦醇、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯等黄酮类化合物，以及高良姜素、葛根素和熊果酸等酚类化合物，已被证明是有效的抗菌剂。本综述提供了有关动物微生物感染类型的宝贵信息，以及按其作用方式分类的植物治疗剂的现有知识。它还深入探讨了使用植物化学物质有效治疗动物感染的潜在策略。
